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首页> 外文期刊>Buildings & landscapes >Charlottesville's Landscape of Prostitution, 1880-1950
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Charlottesville's Landscape of Prostitution, 1880-1950

机译：夏洛茨维尔的卖淫景观，1880-1950年

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摘要

In 1912, building on established Jim Crow laws, the city council in Charlottesville, Virginia, unanimously passed its segregation ordinance. The ordinance made it illegal for whites to move onto blocks that were majority black. Similarly, African Americans were not permitted to move onto blocks that were majority white. Residences facing both sides of a street between intersecting cross-streets constituted a block. Transgressions were punishable by fines; persistent violators could be jailed for thirty to ninety days. Domestic servants could share the private homes and lots with their employers regardless of racial differences. The city council did not require immediate racial separation; the majority block segregation rule applied whenever an existing residence was sold to a new owner or leased to a new tenant. Developers had to declare the race of all new residential blocks in their building permit applications. If the U.S. Supreme Court had not declared such laws unconstitutional in 1917, the segregation ordinance would have profoundly changed the neighborhood along South, Garrett, and Fifth Streets, immediately adjacent to Charlottesville's downtown, just two blocks south of city hall. Here, single white women and African Americans had shared the neighborhood for decades. The white women were prostitutes. They lived in relatively substantial brothels surrounded by more modest houses, occupied by working-class blacks. Despite their illegality, these brothels operated relatively unfettered for over three quarters of a century before 1950. This essay will explore the architectural, urban, and social form of Charlottesville prostitution; in the course of these decades, city police, judiciary, political leaders, and university officials all played a role in maintaining Charlottesville's red light district. In this neighborhood race and urban space intersected, transgressing the social mores codified by the segregation ordinance and underscoring the racial and gender dynamics that have often shaped American urbanism.
机译：1912年，弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔市议会根据既定的吉姆·克劳法律，一致通过了其种族隔离法令。该法令规定白人不得进入多数为黑人的街区。同样，非裔美国人也不得进入多数为白人的街区。在相交的过街之间面对街道两边的住宅构成了一个街区。违法行为应受到罚款；持续违反者可能会被判入狱三十至九十天。无论种族差异如何，家庭佣人都可以与雇主共享私人住宅和土地。市议会不需要立即进行种族隔离；每当将现有住宅出售给新所有者或出租给新租户时，将实行多数块隔离规则。开发人员必须在其建筑许可证申请中声明所有新住宅楼的竞赛。如果美国最高法院没有在1917年宣布此类法律违宪，则该隔离令将深刻改变沿夏洛茨维尔市中心附近的南部，加勒特和第五街的居民区，仅在市政厅以南两个街区。在这里，单身的白人妇女和非洲裔美国人在附近居住了数十年。白人妇女是妓女。他们住在相对坚固的妓院中，周围是更普通的房子，周围是工人阶级的黑人。尽管这些妓院是非法的，但在1950年之前的四分之三世纪中，这些妓院的经营相对不受限制。本文将探讨夏洛茨维尔卖淫的建筑，城市和社会形式；在这几十年中，市警察，司法机构，政治领导人和大学官员都在维护夏洛茨维尔的红灯区中发挥了作用。在这个邻里种族和城市空间相交的地方，违反了由种族隔离条例编纂的社会习俗，并强调了经常塑造美国城市主义的种族和性别动态。

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  • 来源
    《Buildings & landscapes》 |2015年第2期|36-61|共26页
  • 作者

    DANIEL BLUESTONE;

  • 作者单位

    History of art and architecture and American and New England studies at Boston University;

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