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首页> 外文期刊>Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France >SYSTEMATIQUE PHYLOGENETIQUE DES HEMIPTERA PSYLLOIDEA: MORPHOLOGIE COMPAREE DU THORAX ET STRUCTURES SECONDAIRES DE L'ARNr 18S
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SYSTEMATIQUE PHYLOGENETIQUE DES HEMIPTERA PSYLLOIDEA: MORPHOLOGIE COMPAREE DU THORAX ET STRUCTURES SECONDAIRES DE L'ARNr 18S

机译：半翅目半翅目的系统发育系统：胸腔和18S rRNA二级结构的比较形态

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摘要

Psylloidea is a basal group of Hemiptera (KLIMASZEWSKI & WOJCIECHOWSKI, 1992 placed the ancestor inside the Protopsyllidiidae, from the Permian), whose internal affiliations are not well understood. This study attempts to infer phylogenetic relationships between higher groups of Psylloidea. The approach involved recognition and selection of relevant morphological and molecular characters for cladistic analysis. Homologous morphological characters are identified in the thorax of Psylloidea. Most of the informative characters are discovered in the pleuron. Interspecific variations in structure and homology of these characters are defined. Sclerites and sutures in extant exemplars are identified to explain evolution of the specialized nature of the psyllid thorax. Changes and displacements in sclerite morphology and development of structures leading to extreme modifications in the metathoracic pleuron are described. A second set of molecular characters is based on nucleotide sequences of 18S rRNAs from 26 species of psyllids. An assortment of alignments and resultant matrices are used to study influence of alignment on phylogenetic inference. An alignment based on secondary structure is found to be the most rigorous to establish character homology, site by site. However, the study finds weighting or excluding nucleotide characters based on complementary pairing does not improve the phylogenetic signal on a generalized basis. Phylogenetic analyses using the morphological and molecular data sets singly or in combination infer that Aphalaridae and Psyllidae are, each, paraphyletic. Moreover, the inferred phylogeny of Psylloidea is neither compatible with psyllid distribution based on Gondwanian fragmentation nor co-evolution with major lineages of ancestral angiosperms. However, the phylogeny suggests extant groups of psyllids survived massive extinction events and transferred horizontally onto related host-plants.
机译：假单胞菌是半翅目的基部群（KLIMASZEWSKI＆WOJCIECHOWSKI，1992年，其祖先来自二叠纪，位于Protopsyllidiidae内），其内部隶属关系尚不清楚。这项研究试图推断较高的小菜蛾之间的系统发育关系。该方法涉及识别和选择相关形态学和分子特征以进行分类分析。同源形态特征在小叶蕨的胸部被鉴定。大多数信息性人物是在胸膜中发现的。这些字符的结构和同源性之间存在种间差异。现存的样板中的巩膜和缝线被用来解释木耳的特殊性质的演变。描述了硬粒形态的变化和位移以及导致胸廓胸膜极端改变的结构发展。第二组分子特征是基于来自26种木虱的18S rRNA的核苷酸序列。一系列比对和所得矩阵用于研究比对对系统发生推断的影响。发现基于二级结构的比对是最严格建立位点同源性的严格方法。但是，研究发现基于互补配对的加权或排除核苷酸特征并不能从总体上改善系统发育信号。单独或结合使用形态学和分子数据集进行的系统发育分析可推断，Aphalaridae和Psyllidae均是共生的。此外，推断的小叶锦标系统发育既不与基于冈瓦尼断裂的木脂苷分布不相容，也不与祖先被子植物的主要谱系共同进化。然而，系统发育表明现存的木虱组幸免于大规模的灭绝事件并水平转移到相关的寄主植物上。

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