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首页> 外文期刊>Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France >L'ADIPOGENESE DANS LA GLANDE DIGESTIVE DU MOLLUSQUE BIVALVE PECTEN MAXIMUS. Ⅰ. MICRO-ANATOMIE DE LA GLANDE DIGESTIVE ET MODIFICATIONS STRUCTURALES AU COURS D'UN CYCLE ANNUEL
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L'ADIPOGENESE DANS LA GLANDE DIGESTIVE DU MOLLUSQUE BIVALVE PECTEN MAXIMUS. Ⅰ. MICRO-ANATOMIE DE LA GLANDE DIGESTIVE ET MODIFICATIONS STRUCTURALES AU COURS D'UN CYCLE ANNUEL

机译：双壳蜂最大消化动物消化腺中的成脂作用。 Ⅰ。年度循环中消化腺的微观解剖和结构改变

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The study of bivalve molluscs digestive gland is complex from a terminological point of view as well as at descriptive and functional levels. Successively indicated as a liver, an hepatopancreas and digestive diverticula, it was finally named the digestive gland. This terra is now the most commonly used. Nevertheless, this gland consists of different organs : the esophagus, stomach, digestive ducts and endings, and a part of the intestine are all included within this gland . In reality, the name digestive gland refers to a digestive complex ; the term gland should be reserved for anatomical elements starting from the stomach and leading to digestive endings. Internal casting, made by injecting silieone resin through the esophagus and stomach, has been done in the scallop Pecten maximus, which possesses a well developed and individualized digestive gland. This allowed a better understanding of its anatomical constitution and the relationships between the different organs. Unlike histological studies, the resin casting provided a three-dimensional model and indicated the shape and distribution of the digestive ducts around the stomach. The oval-shaped stomach is constituted of two pouches. Two digestive ducts arise from the left pouch and three from the right. Compared to the description of GRAHAM (1949), an additional digestive duct was found. As for the whole organ, the digestive endings have been designated in the literature by different names : blind tubules and digestive diverticula. The silicon castings and histological study allow these entities to be classified as tubulo-acinar digestive endings by analogy with the terminology used for mammals. A histological survey carried out during a physiological year revealed an evolution of lipid contents within tubulo-acinar endings. During the winter period, the digestive cells located within acini were completely filled with a major lipid droplet, transforming the anatomical structure of the digestive endings. During spring, the acini rapidly loose these lipids. This period coincided with the formation of gametes within the gonad. From May to December, while phytoplanktonic blooms were present, a progressive storage occurred. Glycogen levels were also found to show a cycle of consumption/storage in parallel to lipid content. The correlation of these two physiological events with major endogenous phenomena, such as gamete formation, and exogenous ones, such as phytoplanktonic blooms, shows that the digestive gland is involved in energetic storage and transfer, notably for gametogenesis during the winter period. Lipid and carbohydrate storage are then progressively re-constituted during the year, when food is abundant in the natural environment.
机译：从术语的角度以及描述性和功能性的角度来看，双壳软体动物消化腺的研究是复杂的。先后被表示为肝脏，肝胰脏和消化憩室，最后被命名为消化腺。现在，这个terra是最常用的。但是，该《腺》由不同的器官组成：食管，胃，消化管和末梢以及一部分肠都包含在该《腺》中。实际上，“消化腺”这个名字是指消化系统。术语“腺体”应保留用于从胃开始并导致消化末期的解剖元素。通过在食道和胃中注射硅酮树脂制成的内部铸模已在扇贝果肉中进行，该扇贝具有发达且个性化的消化腺。这样可以更好地了解其解剖结构以及不同器官之间的关系。与组织学研究不同，树脂铸件提供了三维模型，并指出了胃周围消化道的形状和分布。椭圆形的胃由两个小袋组成。左袋中有两个消化管，右袋中有三个。与GRAHAM（1949）的描述相比，发现了另外一条消化道。至于整个器官，消化末期在文献中已用不同的名称命名：盲管和消化憩室。通过硅铸件和组织学研究，可以将这些实体与哺乳动物所用的术语进行类比，归类为肾小管-腺体消化末梢。在一个生理学年进行的组织学调查显示，肾小管-髋臼末端内脂质含量的变化。在冬季，位于腺泡内的消化细胞完全充满了主要的脂质液滴，从而改变了消化末端的解剖结构。在春季，腺泡迅速释放了这些脂质。这个时期与性腺内配子的形成相吻合。从5月到12月，虽然存在浮游植物的花朵，但逐渐进行了存储。还发现糖原水平显示出与脂质含量平行的消耗/储存循环。这两个生理事件与主要内源性现象（例如配子的形成）和外源性现象（例如浮游植物的开花）的相关性表明，消化腺参与了能量的储存和转移，尤其是在冬季配子发生。然后，当自然环境中的食物丰富时，脂质和碳水化合物的储存会在这一年逐步恢复。

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