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The Partnership Between Canada and Britain in Winning the Battle of the Atlantic

机译：加拿大和英国在赢得大西洋之战中的伙伴关系

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How wide is the Atlantic? This title of our conference has a very direct operational meaning in regard to the sea campaign which decided the Western democracies' war with Nazi Germany. Well, how wide? For a slow convoy steaming at around 6-7 knots, the Atlantic was up to three weeks wide - three weeks of enduring the worst of weather and the hazards of U-boat ambush. On this constant round traffic of convoys between North America and the United Kingdom utterly depended not only Britain's industrial war effort, but also her very national life itself. It was estimated in 1937 that Britain in wartime would need 47 million tons a year of imports. This gigantic reliance on overseas supplies was the legacy of the Victorian adoption of Free Trade back in the era of unchallenged British world mastery - mastery naval, financial, and industrial. In that era, Free Trade had brought enormous peacetime economic benefits to Britain - above all, abundant cheap food from the Americas and the Antipodes. But in the very different era of the two 20th Century total wars - the era of the U-boat - this dependency on seaborne imports rendered Britain's existence more precarious than that of her allies or her main European enemy.
机译：大西洋有多宽？我们的会议的这个标题对于决定西方民主国家与纳粹德国之战的海上战役具有非常直接的业务意义。好，有多宽？对于慢速航行的船队，其航行速度约为6至7节，大西洋的航程为三周-忍受了最恶劣的天气和U型船伏击的危害三周。在北美和联合王国之间的这一持续不断的车队运输中，不仅完全取决于英国的工业战争努力，还取决于她的国民生活本身。据估计，1937年英国在战时每年需要进口4700万吨。巨大的对海外供应的依赖是维多利亚时代自由贸易的遗留下来的遗产，这在英国世界通行无挑战的时代-海军，金融和工业的精通时代-已成为历史。在那个时代，自由贸易给英国带来了巨大的和平时期经济利益，最重要的是，美洲和Antipodes提供了大量廉价食品。但是，在20世纪两次全面战争的时代截然不同的时期（U船时代），这种对海上进口的依赖使英国的生存比其盟国或主要欧洲敌人更加不稳定。

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