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首页> 外文期刊>Canadian Water Resources Journal >Rare and dangerous: Recognizing extra-ordinary events in stream channels
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Rare and dangerous: Recognizing extra-ordinary events in stream channels

机译：稀有和危险：识别流通道中的异常事件

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Extreme-value statistics has taught us that flood flows can be estimated reasonably well, and that while extreme flows are rare, they are certain to occur. The physical process of flooding is reasonably well understood. However, this knowledge does not extend to steep creeks with potentially highly mobile beds. Most infrastructures on such creeks have been designed for clearwater floods with return periods of up to 200 years. This does not account for hydrogeomorphic processes such as debris floods and debris flows in which parts of, or the entire, channel bed sediments are mobilized and lead to massive erosion of channel bed and banks and debris inundation on terminal alluvial fans. Similarly, the potential for outburst floods - many times larger than normal floods - related to failure of landslide, glacier, moraine, beaver or man-made dams is not systematically included in standard hazard assessments. This paper has the objective of bridging science and practice by highlighting some of the most threatening hydrogeomorphic hazards to which people and infrastructure in mountain regions are exposed, and provides suggestions on how practice can be improved to properly diagnose and analyze the potential for such unusual floods. It is hoped that this will reduce potential losses in spite of the continued encroachment of urban and industrial development into mountain terrain.
机译：极值统计告诉我们，洪水流量可以合理地估算，虽然极少出现洪水，但肯定会发生。洪水的物理过程已被很好地理解。但是，这种知识不会扩展到具有潜在高度移动床的陡峭小河。这种小溪上的大多数基础设施都是为清水洪水设计的，其回收期长达200年。这没有考虑水文地貌过程，例如泥石流和泥石流，其中部分或全部通道床沉积物被动员，并导致通道床和河床的大量侵蚀以及末冲积扇上的残渣淹没。同样，与标准滑坡，冰川，冰ora，海狸或人造水坝的破坏有关的爆发洪水的可能性（是正常洪水的许多倍）没有系统地纳入标准危害评估中。本文的目的是通过突出山区和人类基础设施所面临的一些最具威胁性的水文地理灾害，在科学与实践之间架起桥梁，并就如何改进实践以正确诊断和分析此类异常洪水的可能性提供建议。 。希望尽管城市和工业发展继续侵蚀山区，但这仍将减少潜在的损失。

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