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The 2011 flood event in the Red River Basin: Causes, assessment and damages

机译：红河流域2011年洪水事件：成因，评估和损失

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摘要

The 2011 Red River flood event was the third largest event since the operation of major flood control structures in the Province of Manitoba (exceeded by 1997 and 2009), and the fifth largest on record (including 1800s events). However, the flooding experienced on the Red River in 2011 has only an estimated 22-year (James Avenue) to 58-year (Grand Forks, ND) return period. Flooding in 2011 was the result of the second highest soil moisture index ever recorded (in 2010) prior to freeze up, lower-than-normal winter temperatures (causing significant frost penetration), high winter flows and above-average snow cover across the basin. The flood had the potential to be much more severe had it not been for favourable weather conditions within the basin during the spring of 2011. Below-normal precipitation, warm temperatures resulting in high evaporative losses from saturated soils, the non-coincident peak flows of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers, and lower-than-anticipated tributary inflows between Emerson, MB, and the City of Winnipeg mitigated the potential flood peak. The floodway had been expanded after the 1997 flood and further upgrades and maintenance following the 2009 flood allowed an additional 141.6 m(3)/s of flow to be diverted around the city, resulting in approximately a 0.38-m reduction in the James Avenue water level. The 2011 flood resulted in the fifth highest floodway peak on record, with flood control works in both the Red and Assiniboine systems estimated to have reduced James Avenue stage in the City of Winnipeg by 3.5 m. The majority of data presented in this paper have been taken from the Manitoba 2011 Flood Review Task Force Report and the Red River Floodway Operation Report.
机译：2011年红河洪水事件是自曼尼托巴省主要防洪结构启用以来第三大事件（超过1997年和2009年），也是有记录以来第五大事件（包括1800年代事件）。但是，2011年在红河上经历的洪水估计只有22年（詹姆斯大街）到58年（北卡罗来纳州大福克斯）恢复期。 2011年的洪水是结冰前有史以来第二高的土壤湿度指数（2010年），冬季气温低于正常水平（导致大量霜冻渗透​​），冬季流量高以及整个盆地积雪高于平均水平的结果。如果没有2011年春季流域内的有利天气条件，洪灾的潜在危险可能会更大。降雨低于正常水平，温暖的温度导致饱和土壤的蒸发损失较高，并且非一致的峰值流量红河和阿西尼博因河以及艾默生，MB和温尼伯市之间的支流流入低于预期，缓解了潜在的洪峰。 1997年洪水过后，洪水道得到了扩展，2009年洪水过后进一步升级和维护，使整个城市的流量增加了141.6 m（3）/ s，导致James Avenue水减少了约0.38 m水平。 2011年的洪水导致有记录的洪灾高峰达到第五高，Red和Assiniboine系统的防洪工程估计使温尼伯市的James Avenue台面减少了3.5 m。本文提供的大多数数据均取自《曼尼托巴2011年洪水审查工作组报告》和《红河洪水道运营报告》。

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  • 来源
    《Canadian Water Resources Journal》 |2016年第2期|65-73|共9页
  • 作者

    Stadnyk Tricia; Dow Karen; Wazney Lucas; Blais Eric-Lorne;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Manitoba, Dept Civil Engn, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;

    Univ Manitoba, Dept Civil Engn, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;

    Univ Manitoba, Dept Civil Engn, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;

    Amec Foster Wheeler, Winnipeg, MB, Canada;

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