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Assessing Head Morphology Dimorphism in the Midland Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta marginata) Using a Photographic Questionnaire

机译:使用摄影问卷评估中部彩绘乌龟(Chrysemys picta marginata)的头部形态学二态性

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The ability to identify the sex of animals accurately is important in population studies. Emydid turtles (Testudines: Emydidae) demonstrate a number of sexually dimorphic characters, including head (cranial) size and structure. Field observations from a long-term study of midland painted turtles (Chrysemys picta marginata) in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada, suggested distinct differences in external head morphology between the sexes. We evaluated these putative sexual differences in C. picta head morphology by conducting a visual questionnaire involving human observers of varying levels of experience (novice, beginner, intermediate, and advanced). Observers were capable of distinguishing the sexes based solely on head morphology with a high degree of accuracy (between 79% and 86% success) across experience levels. Observers identified head shape as a defining character distinguishing the sexes. We suggest that visual questionnaires are a quantifiable method of assessing dimorphic characters that can be used in addition to traditional morphometrics or geometric morphometrics to demonstrate a visual, rather than simply statistical, difference among characters and sexes. Despite the breadth of research conducted on C. picta, our study is among the first to describe, assess, and discuss the functional significance of head dimorphism in this model species.
机译:准确识别动物性别的能力在人口研究中很重要。 Emydid龟(Testudines:Emydidae)表现出许多性二态性,包括头部(颅骨)大小和结构。在加拿大安大略省阿尔冈金省立公园对中部彩绘龟(Chrysemys picta marginata)进行的长期研究中,实地观察表明,两性外在头部形态上存在明显差异。我们通过进行视觉问卷调查,评估了不同水平(新手,初学者,中级和高级)的人类观察者,从而评估了假单胞菌头部形态中的这些假定的性别差异。观察者能够根据不同的经验水平,仅根据头部的形态,以很高的准确性(成功率在79%至86%之间)区分性别。观察者认为头部的形状是区分性别的决定性特征。我们建议视觉调查表是评估双态字符的一种可量化方法,除了传统的形态计量学或几何形态计量学外,它还可以用来证明字符和性别之间的视觉差异,而不仅仅是统计差异。尽管对C. picta进行了广泛的研究,但我们的研究还是第一个描述,评估和讨论头部双态性在该模型物种中的功能意义的研究。

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