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Defining lethal chemicals in industrial facilities

机译：定义工业设施中的致命化学物质

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摘要

Limited legislating attention has been given to the prevention of releases of small quantities of chemicals. It is known that even small leakages can cause severe consequences to the exposed persons. The different international chemical classification schemes show equivalent categorizations, but do not define nor explain lethal chemicals. The new Global Harmonized System (GHS), which is being implemented in various countries, also does not have a category for lethal chemicals. This article provides an overview of the existing classification schemes for the definition of the toxicity of substances. That overview is used to provide guidance in the identification of lethal chemicals for the design of industrial facilities.rnIt is suggested to define lethal chemicals as those chemicals of which a low-dose, single exposure can have lethal effects. Lethality can be associated with acute toxicity and carcinogenity, whereas other human health hazards cannot cause death through a low-dose, single exposure. Therefore, lethal chemicals should include the strictest category of acute toxicity as described in GHS, and proven carcinogens that cause cancer through a low-dose, single exposure event. Utmost attention should be given to prevent the smallest leakage of these chemicals.
机译：立法上对防止少量化学品释放的关注有限。众所周知，即使很小的泄漏也会对暴露人员造成严重后果。不同的国际化学品分类方案显示相同的分类，但没有定义或解释致命的化学品。正在各个国家/地区实施的新的全球统一制度（GHS）也没有致命化学物质的类别。本文概述了用于定义物质毒性的现有分类方案。该概述可为工业设备设计中的致命化学物质识别提供指导。建议将致命化学物质定义为低剂量，单次暴露可能具有致命影响的那些化学物质。致命性可能与急性毒性和致癌性有关，而其他对人体健康的危害则不能通过低剂量单次暴露而导致死亡。因此，致命化学物质应包括GHS中所述的最严格的急性毒性类别，以及通过低剂量，单次暴露事件导致癌症的成熟致癌物。应给予最大的注意，以防止这些化学物质的最小泄漏。

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  • 来源
    《Chemical health & safety》 |2009年第6期|11-17|共7页
  • 作者

    Floris M. Hekster;

  • 作者单位

    Fluor Corporation, Surinamewag 17, P.O. Box 4354, 2003 Ef Haarlem, The Netherlands;

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