ISWA's Middle East, Balkan and Mediterranean Regional Development Network invited the organisation's Working Group for Sanitary Landfill to host a training course on its specialist subject in the Turkish capital of Istanbul. Two days of lectures, including an additional section on sludge management, were attended by more than 70 delegates, and were followed by a technical tour, which is the focus of this review. Visits were made to facilities managed and operated by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Environment Protection and Waste Recycling Company (ISTAC). The first port of call was the Hasdal landfill site and landfill gas to energy plant. The landfill site had closed in 1997 with in excess of 5m tonnes of municipal waste deposited. It was only in 2000 that a landfill gas collection system was installed, which was directed to four Jenbacher gas engines rated at 1.1MW each and is now regularly delivering 4MW of electricity to the electricity supply network.
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