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An upstream alternative to personal carbon trading

机译：个人碳交易的上游替代品

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An upstream trading scheme is described that could operate alongside the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). In this proposed scheme, fossil fuel producers (or suppliers) surrender allowances for the carbon contained in their fuel sales. Since the administrative costs are relatively low, such a scheme could provide a simpler, cheaper and more practical alternative to personal carbon trading, while at the same time delivering comparable economic and environmental benefits. The incentive effect for downstream consumers would be similar to a carbon tax. However, instead of a fixed and visible tax rate, the carbon price would be variable and largely hidden within the price of fuel. Consideration is given to the distributional impacts of the scheme and the potential benefits of linking to the EU ETS -including improved liquidity, reduced price volatility and reduced scope for exercising market power. It is argued that an upstream scheme is likely to have greater political acceptability, while at the same time delivering comparable performance in terms of economic efficiency, environmental effectiveness and social equity.
机译：描述了可以与欧盟排放交易计划（EU ETS）一起运行的上游交易计划。在该拟议方案中，化石燃料生产商（或供应商）放弃了其燃料销售中所含碳的配额。由于行政成本相对较低，因此这种方案可以为个人碳交易提供更简单，更便宜和更实用的替代方案，同时提供可比的经济和环境效益。对下游消费者的激励作用将类似于碳税。但是，代替固定的和可见的税率，碳价格将是可变的，并且很大程度上隐藏在燃料价格之内。考虑了该计划的分配影响以及与欧盟排放交易体系建立联系的潜在好处，包括改善了流动性，降低了价格波动性并缩小了行使市场支配力的范围。有人认为，上游计划可能具有更大的政治接受度，而同时在经济效率，环境效率和社会公平方面表现可比。

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