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A review of policy, practices, and players governing and involved in the United States vaccine and immunization enterprise

机译：审查管理和参与美国疫苗和免疫企业的政策，做法和参与者

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Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to outline the organization and governance of the US vaccine and immunization enterprise. It describes the major components of the US system including the various relationships between major federal government entities, stakeholders, and advisory committees that inform government policymaking at various points in the system. Design/methodology/approach - The authors describe the complex interdependent network of partners that engage in a wide range of activities such as disease surveillance, research, vaccine development, regulatory licensure, practice recommendations, financing, service delivery, communications, and post-licensure monitoring. Findings - The US system of governance is highly participatory and focuses on a transparent and open engagement, with input from a wide range of partners to inform decision-making. This collaborative framework allows many inputs to be heard and helps support the US vaccine and immunization system as it evolves to meet the continued public health needs in the USA through the optimal use of safe and effective vaccines. Originality/value - This is an invited article on the US vaccine and immunization enterprise. The development and availability of vaccines in the USA has had profound impact on mortality and morbidity and public health (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). The success of this enterprise is a result of a blended public and private sector system with partnerships at the federal, state, and local levels of government to optimize the use of safe and effective vaccines. Governance structures have been established to support the interaction and decision-making among the federal and non-federal actors toward the common goal of controlling and preventing infectious diseases.
机译：目的-本文的目的是概述美国疫苗和免疫企业的组织和治理。它描述了美国系统的主要组成部分，包括主要联邦政府实体，利益相关者和咨询委员会之间的各种关系，这些关系为系统中各个点的政府决策提供了信息。设计/方法/方法-作者描述了复杂的相互依存的合作伙伴网络，这些网络参与各种活动，例如疾病监测，研究，疫苗开发，监管许可，实践建议，融资，服务提供，沟通和许可后监控。调查结果-美国的治理体系具有高度的参与性，并且注重透明和公开的参与，并获得了众多合作伙伴的意见，以为决策提供依据。这个协作框架可以听到很多意见，并可以支持美国疫苗和免疫系统的发展，通过优化使用安全有效的疫苗来满足美国持续的公共卫生需求。原创性/价值-这是有关美国疫苗和免疫企业的受邀文章。美国疫苗的开发和可获得性对死亡率，发病率和公共卫生产生了深远的影响（疾病控制与预防中心，2011年）。该企业的成功归功于公共和私营部门的混合系统，以及联邦，州和地方政府的合作伙伴关系，以优化安全有效疫苗的使用。已经建立了治理结构，以支持联邦和非联邦行为体之间的互动和决策，以实现控制和预防传染病的共同目标。

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