The high charge fraction of flame-generated particles in the size range below 3 nm measured by enhanced particle detectors

Wang Yang; Kangasluoma Juha; Attoui Michel; Fang Jiaxi; Junninen Heikki; Kulmala Markku; Petaja Tuukka; Biswas Pratim

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The high charge fraction of flame-generated particles in the size range below 3 nm measured by enhanced particle detectors

机译：增强型粒子探测器可测量3纳米以下尺寸范围内火焰产生的粒子的高电荷分数

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Charging in flames significantly affects the properties of the resultant particles produced because of its influence in almost all stages of particle formation. The charging characteristics of flame-generated sub 3 nm particles were investigated with three enhanced particle detectors including a high resolution differential mobility analyzer (DMA) coupled with an electrometer, a particle size magnifier coupled with a butanol-based condensation particle counter (PSM-bCPC), and an atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometer (APi-TOF). Up to 95% of the flame-generated sub-3 nm particles were charged at a sampling height of 5 mm above the burner, indicating the existence of a strong ionization process in the investigated flame. This high fraction of charged particles contradicts the classical charging theories, which predict <1% charge fraction for particles below 3 nm. Positively and negatively charged sub-3 nm particles generated from a blank flame were dominated by organic ions and nitrate ions respectively. The flame-generated ions play an important role during titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle synthesis, as shown by the attachment of nitrate species on Ti-containing particles observed by the APi-TOF. The effects of the sampling height and precursor feed rate were also investigated. (C) 2016 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

机译：火焰中的电荷显着影响所产生的所得颗粒的性质，因为其几乎影响颗粒形成的所有阶段。使用三个增强的粒子检测器研究了火焰生成的亚3 nm粒子的带电特性，其中包括带静电计的高分辨率差分迁移率分析仪（DMA），带丁醇的凝聚粒子计数器（PSM-bCPC）的粒径放大仪）和大气压接口飞行时间质谱仪（APi-TOF）。在燃烧器上方5 mm的采样高度处，最多可装载95％的火焰产生的亚3 nm颗粒，这表明所研究的火焰中存在强电离过程。这种高比例的带电粒子与经典的带电理论相抵触，经典的带电理论预测低于3 nm的粒子的带电分数不到1％。由空白火焰产生的带正电和带负电的亚3 nm颗粒分别由有机离子和硝酸根离子控制。火焰产生的离子在二氧化钛（TiO2）纳米颗粒合成过程中起着重要作用，通过APi-TOF观察到硝酸盐类物质附着在含Ti颗粒上可以证明这一点。还研究了采样高度和前驱体进料速率的影响。（C）2016年燃烧研究所。由Elsevier Inc.出版。保留所有权利。

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来源
《Combustion and Flame》 |2017年第2期|72-80|共9页
作者
Wang Yang; Kangasluoma Juha; Attoui Michel; Fang Jiaxi; Junninen Heikki; Kulmala Markku; Petaja Tuukka; Biswas Pratim;
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作者单位

Washington Univ St Louis, Aerosol & Air Qual Res Lab, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA;

Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, POB 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland;

Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, POB 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland|LISA Univ Paris Est, F-7583 Creteil, France;

Washington Univ St Louis, Aerosol & Air Qual Res Lab, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA;

Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, POB 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland;

Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, POB 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland;

Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, POB 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland;

Washington Univ St Louis, Aerosol & Air Qual Res Lab, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);
原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类
关键词
Flame synthesis; Charge fraction; Sub-3 nm particle; Titanium dioxide; Differential mobility analyzer; Mass spectrometry;

机译：火焰合成;电荷分数;亚3 nm颗粒;二氧化钛;差示迁移率分析仪;质谱法;

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机译：亚3 nm颗粒的尺寸依赖性电荷分数是大气条件下竞争性成核机制的关键诊断
2. The size-dependent charge fraction of sub-3-nm particles as a key diagnostic of competitive nucleation mechanisms under atmospheric conditions [J] . F.Yu, R. P.Turco Atmospheric chemistry and physics . 2011,第18期

机译：亚3 nm颗粒的尺寸依赖性电荷分数是大气条件下竞争性成核机制的关键诊断
3. The size-dependent charge fraction of sub-3-nm particles as a key diagnostic of competitive nucleation mechanisms under atmospheric conditions [J] . Yu F., Turco R. P. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions . 2011,第18期

机译：亚3 nm颗粒的尺寸依赖性电荷分数是大气条件下竞争性成核机制的关键诊断
4. Charge and Size Distributions of Incipient Flame-Generated Carbonaceous Nanoparticles [C] . Lee Anne Sgro, Andrea DAnna, Patrizia Minutolo CARBON'09;Annual world conference on carbon;World conference on carbon . 2009

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The high charge fraction of flame-generated particles in the size range below 3 nm measured by enhanced particle detectors

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