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A framework for simulation and inversion in electromagnetics

机译：电磁学仿真和反演的框架

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Simulations and inversions of electromagnetic geophysical data are paramount for discerning meaningful information about the subsurface from these data. Depending on the nature of the source electromagnetic experiments may be classified as time-domain or frequency-domain. Multiple heterogeneous and sometimes anisotropic physical properties, including electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability, may need be considered in a simulation. Depending on what one wants to accomplish in an inversion, the parameters which one inverts for may be a voxel-based description of the earth or some parametric representation that must be mapped onto a simulation mesh. Each of these permutations of the electromagnetic problem has implications in a numerical implementation of the forward simulation as well as in the computation of the sensitivities, which are required when considering gradient-based inversions. This paper proposes a framework for organizing and implementing electromagnetic simulations and gradient-based inversions in a modular, extensible fashion. We take an object-oriented approach for defining and organizing each of the necessary elements in an electromagnetic simulation, including: the physical properties, sources, formulation of the discrete problem to be solved, the resulting fields and fluxes, and receivers used to sample to the electromagnetic responses. A corresponding implementation is provided as part of the open source simulation and parameter estimation project SEMPEG (http://simpeg.xyz). The application of the framework is demonstrated through two synthetic examples and one field example. The first example shows the application of the common framework for 1D time domain and frequency domain inversions. The second is a field example that demonstrates a 1D inversion of electromagnetic data collected over the Bookpurnong Irrigation District in Australia. The final example is a 3D example which shows how the modular implementation is used to compute the sensitivity for a parametric model where a transmitter is positioned inside a steel cased well.
机译：电磁地球物理数据的模拟和反演对于从这些数据中识别有关地下的有意义的信息至关重要。根据源的性质，电磁实验可以分为时域或频域。在仿真中可能需要考虑多种非均质的，有时是各向异性的物理特性，包括电导率和磁导率。取决于一个人要在反演中完成什么，一个人反演的参数可能是地球的基于体素的描述或必须映射到模拟网格上的某些参数表示。电磁问题的这些排列中的每一个都对正向模拟的数值实现以及灵敏度的计算有影响，这在考虑基于梯度的反演时是必需的。本文提出了一种以模块化，可扩展的方式组织和实施电磁仿真和基于梯度的反演的框架。我们采用面向对象的方法来定义和组织电磁仿真中的每个必要元素，包括：物理性质，来源，要解决的离散问题的表述，产生的场和通量以及用于采样的接收器电磁响应。作为开源仿真和参数估计项目SEMPEG（http://simpeg.xyz）的一部分，提供了相应的实现。通过两个综合示例和一个现场示例演示了该框架的应用。第一个示例显示了用于一维时域和频域反演的通用框架的应用。第二个是现场示例，演示了在澳大利亚Bookpurnong灌溉区收集的电磁数据的一维反演。最后一个示例是一个3D示例，该示例显示了如何将模块化实现方式用于计算参数模型的灵敏度，其中变送器位于钢制套管井内。

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