Because mobile devices, like smartphones, are usually powered with small-size batteries that have limited capacity and life, hardware engineers need to be smart at designing energy-efficient systems to run the applications with minimal energy. On the other hand, software engineers need to be aware of the energy consumption behaviors of the hardware components. Therefore, analyzing and estimating the energy consumption of the devices during runtime is crucial. There are usually two ways of doing this. The first strategy is hardware based, which is to measure the current and power consumption with instruments, like a source meter. The limitation of this solution is that it is not portable, and it requires opening the devices physically during the measurement. A better solution would be software based, which is called power/energy profiling. The idea is to characterize power/energy at the software level based on the power models that are trained using power measurements and system logs.
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