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Endosperm gene imprinting and seed development

机译:胚乳基因印迹和种子发育

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Imprinting occurs in the endosperm of flowering plants. Endosperm, produced by fertilization of the central cell in the female gametophyte, is essential for embryo and seed development. Several imprinted genes play an important role in endosperm development. The mechanism of gene imprinting involves DNA methylation and histone modification. DNA methylation is actively removed at the imprinted alleles to be activated. Histone methylation mediated by the Polycomb group complex provides another layer of epigenetic regulation at the silenced alleles. Endosperm gene imprinting can be uncoupled from seed development when fertilization of the central cell is prevented. Imprinting may be a mechanism to ensure fertilization of the central cell thereby preventing parthenogenic development of the endosperm.
机译:印迹出现在开花植物的胚乳中。雌胚配子体中的中央细胞受精产生的胚乳对于胚胎和种子的发育至关重要。几个印迹基因在胚乳发育中起重要作用。基因印迹的机制涉及DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰。 DNA甲基化被激活的印迹等位基因主动去除。由Polycomb基团复合物介导的组蛋白甲基化在沉默的等位基因上提供了表观遗传调控的另一层。当阻止中央细胞受精时,胚乳基因的印记可以与种子发育脱钩。印迹可能是确保中央细胞受精从而防止胚乳单性发育的一种机制。

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