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Psychological characteristics of Japanese patients with chronic pain assessed by the Rorschach test

机译：通过Rorschach检验评估日本慢性疼痛患者的心理特征

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Background The increasing number of patients with chronic pain in Japan has become a major issue in terms of the patient's quality of life, medical costs, and related social problems. Pain is a multi-dimensional experience with physiological, affective, cognitive, behavioral and social components, and recommended to be managed via a combination of bio-psycho-social aspects. However, a biomedical approach is still the dominant method of pain treatment in Japan. The current study aimed to evaluate comprehensive psychological functions and processes in Japanese chronic pain patients. Methods The Rorschach Comprehensive System was administered to 49 in-patients with non-malignant chronic pain. Major variables and frequencies from the test were then compared to normative data from non-patient Japanese adults by way of the t-test and chi-square test. Results Patients exhibited high levels of emotional distress with a sense of helplessness with regard to situational stress, confusion, and ambivalent feelings. These emotions were managed by the patients in an inappropriate manner. Cognitive functions resulted in moderate dysfunction in all stages. Information processing tended to focus upon minute features in an inflexible manner. Mediational dysfunction was likely to occur with unstable affective conditions. Ideation was marked by pessimistic and less effective thinking. Since patients exhibited negative self-perception, their interpersonal relationship skills tended to be ineffective. Originally, our patients displayed average psychological resources for control, stress tolerance, and social skills for interpersonal relationships. However, patient coping styles were either situation- or emotion-dependent, and patients were more likely to exhibit emotional instability influenced by external stimuli, resulting in increased vulnerability to pain. Conclusions Data gathered from the Rorschach test suggested psychological approaches to support chronic pain patients that are likely to be highly beneficial, and we thus recommend their incorporation into the course of current pain treatments.
机译：背景技术就患者的生活质量，医疗费用以及相关的社会问题而言，日本慢性疼痛患者的数量增加已经成为主要问题。疼痛是一种具有生理，情感，认知，行为和社会组成部分的多维体验，建议通过结合生物，心理，社会等方面进行管理。然而，在日本，生物医学方法仍是疼痛治疗的主要方法。本研究旨在评估日本慢性疼痛患者的综合心理功能和过程。方法对49例非恶性慢性疼痛患者进行Rorschach综合系​​统治疗。然后，通过t检验和卡方检验，将来自测试的主要变量和频率与来自非住院日本成年人的标准数据进行比较。结果患者表现出高水平的情绪困扰，对情境压力，困惑和矛盾情绪感到无助。这些情绪是由患者以不适当的方式控制的。认知功能在所有阶段均导致中度功能障碍。信息处理倾向于以不灵活的方式专注于微小的特征。不稳定的情感条件很可能会发生中介功能障碍。想法的特点是悲观和不太有效的思维。由于患者表现出负面的自我感知能力，因此他们的人际关系技能往往无效。最初，我们的患者表现出控制，耐压和社交技巧等人际关系的平均心理资源。但是，患者的应对方式要么取决于情况，要么依赖于情绪，并且患者更容易表现出受到外部刺激影响的情绪不稳定，从而增加了对疼痛的脆弱性。结论从罗夏（Rorschach）测试中收集的数据表明，心理学方法可支持可能非常有益的慢性疼痛患者，因此，我们建议将其纳入当前的疼痛治疗过程中。

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