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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Ecology >An acoustic postconflict display in the duetting tropical boubou (Laniarius aethiopicus): a signal of victory?
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An acoustic postconflict display in the duetting tropical boubou (Laniarius aethiopicus): a signal of victory?

机译：冲突的热带布布（Laniarius aethiopicus）中的冲突后声音显示：胜利的信号吗？

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Background In many species of birds, pair bonded males and females precisely co-ordinate their vocalisations to form duets. Duetting behaviour, although still somewhat of an enigma, is thought to function primarily in territorial defence and mate guarding. We identify an additional function of duetting in an afrotropical bird, the tropical boubou (Laniarius aethiopicus), that uses one duet type as a postconflict display probably to advertise victory to other boubous. Results We simulated intrusions into boubou territories in the field in Ivory Coast, West Africa using playbacks of four different types of boubou duets to test the use of the presumptive acoustic victory display before, during and after playbacks. These staged encounters resulted in either retreat of the focal birds during playback or continued presence accompanied by vocal displays after playback had ceased. Losers of encounters never sung after retreating whereas 11 out of 18 pairs sung the presumptive victory duet after the encounter. Analysis revealed that the presumptive victory display was sung significantly more often after than before or during the playback treatment. Conclusion We conclude that, most likely, the investigated duet type is a postconflict victory display – a novel function of duets. Furthermore the duet is a rare example among birds of a context-specific song. The conspicuousness of the display suggests that it is directed not only to losers of an agonistic encounter but also to other pairs of birds in neighbouring territories.
机译：背景技术在许多鸟类中，成对的雄性和雌性配对精确地协调其发声以形成二重唱。二重奏行为虽然仍然有些令人困惑，但被认为主要在领土防御和队友保护中起作用。我们确定了在一种非热带鸟类，即热带boubou（Laniarius aethiopicus）中进行二重唱的另一种功能，该功能使用一种二重唱作为冲突后的表演，可能是为了向其他野兽宣传胜利。结果我们使用四种不同类型的boubou二重唱的回放模拟了对西非象牙海岸外地boubou领土的入侵，以测试在回放之前，之中和之后假定的声胜利显示的使用。这些阶段性的相遇导致回放过程中焦点鸟的后退或回放停止后声音显示的持续存在。遭遇失败者在撤退后再也没有唱过歌，而在18对中有11对在演唱之后演唱了假定的胜利二重唱。分析表明，推定胜利表演的播放时间比回放治疗之前或之后要频繁得多。结论我们得出结论，最有可能的是，调查的二重奏类型是冲突后胜利显示-二重奏的一种新颖功能。此外，二重唱是情境特定歌曲中鸟类中很少见的例子。展览的显眼性表明，展览不仅针对遭遇激烈争斗的失败者，还针对邻近地区的其他鸟类。

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