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Song repertoire and duetting behaviour of the tropical boubou, Laniarius aethiopicus

机译:热带水牛Laniarius aethiopicus的歌曲曲目和二重唱行为

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Female song and the significance of duetting in birds remain puzzling, in part because of the limited number of species studied. We investigated duetting behaviour in the tropical boubou in West Africa. Birds produced a diverse song repertoire consisting of solos, duets and trios, with duets being the most conspicuous vocalization. We identified 12 distinct duet types in which tonal and broadband notes were combined by males and females in highly synchronized and temporally precise patterns. Molecular sexing and observations of colour-banded birds revealed that duets were initiated by both sexes, with strict sex-specific roles maintained within the duet. An equal number of duet types was initiated by males and females. Seven of 12 duets were terminated by the male. Male-initiated duets were also more common (89% of total) and were repeated more often, i.e. sung more frequently. Solo singing occurred when partners did not respond and was also used by unpaired birds. Trios were produced by subadult birds joining the duet of a resident pair. The wide variety of contexts in which duets were sung suggests that they serve several functions, including territorial defence and mutual mate guarding.
机译:母歌和在鸟类中二重唱的意义仍然令人困惑,部分原因是所研究的物种数量有限。我们调查了西非热带boubou的二重性行为。 Birds制作了由独奏,二重奏和三重奏组成的多样化歌曲曲目,其中二重奏是最明显的发声形式。我们确定了12种不同的二重奏类型,其中男性和女性以高度同步和时间精确的模式组合了音调和宽带音符。分子性别鉴定和对带色鸟的观察表明,二重唱是由男女共同发起的,在二重唱中维持严格的性别特定角色。男性和女性发起了相同数量的二重奏类型。 12对二重奏中有7对被男性终止。由男性发起的二重唱也比较普遍(占总数的89%),并且重复频率更高,即演唱频率更高。独唱是在伴侣没有回应的情况下发生的,也被成对的鸟类使用。三重奏是由成年鸟类与一对成年鸟类的二重唱产生的。演唱二重唱的各种情况表明它们具有多种功能,包括领土防御和相互伴侣保护。

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