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Assessment of bacterial carriage on the hands of primary school children in Calabar municipality, Nigeria

机译：尼日利亚卡拉巴尔市小学生手中细菌携带的评估

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Hand washing with soap and water is a good hand hygiene practice which reduces the chance of infection transmission through hand contact. This study was designed to determine the microbial hand carriage among nursery and primary school children in Calabar Metropolis and to assess the effect of hand washing in the reduction of bacterial hand carriage among these children. A total of 150 pupils aged 2–13 years were enrolled in the study from both private and public nursery and primary schools. Ethical approval was obtained from the Cross River State Ministry of Health, before the collection of the samples. Informed consent was obtained from the management of the schools and the parents and guardian of the children. A structured questionnaire was administered to the pupils for information on demography, hand hygiene practice, and their awareness on the importance of hand washing. Hand swabs were obtained from the pupils before and after hand washing respectively. Samples were subjected to culture, microscopy, and biochemical analysis. Data obtained in the study were analyzed by Epi-Info CDC, 2012 package. Males had the highest occurrence of the isolates 82 (62.1%) than females 50 (37.8%). This study recorded 88.0% prevalence of bacterial hand carriage among school children. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate (68.9%) recovered before hand washing followed by Escherichia coli (25.0%). Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were not found on the pupils’ hands after hand washing. There was a significant difference in the bacterial carriage after hand washing between the two soap types (χ2 = 19.9, p = 0.001) with Dettol soap subjects having a lower bacterial carriage (31.2%) than Tetmosol soap subjects (68.8%). The isolated bacteria were potential pathogens in humans. There was a significant reduction in bacterial carriage after hand washing with antibacterial soaps. School children should be educated on the need to wash hands with clean water and soap and dry with clean towels as this will reduce the risk of transmission of pathogenic bacteria orally or into open wounds.
机译：用肥皂和水洗手是一种良好的手卫生习惯，可减少通过手接触传播感染的机会。本研究旨在确定卡拉巴尔都会区托儿所和小学生的微生物手推车，并评估洗手在减少这些儿童细菌手推车方面的效果。共有150名2-13岁的学生从私立和公立幼儿园及小学入学。在收集样品之前，已从Cross River国家卫生部获得了道德批准。从学校管理层以及孩子的父母和监护人那里获得了知情同意。向学生们发放了一份结构化的问卷，以了解有关人口统计学，洗手习惯以及洗手重要性的信息。在洗手之前和之后分别从瞳孔中获得拭子。对样品进行培养，显微镜检查和生化分析。研究中获得的数据通过Epi-Info CDC，2012年软件包进行了分析。男性中，分离株82（62.1％）的发生率最高，女性50（37.8％）。该研究记录了在学童中细菌手推车的患病率为88.0％。金黄色葡萄球菌是最常见的分离株（68.9％），在洗手之前被检出，其次是大肠杆菌（25.0％）。洗手后在学生手上没有发现寻常变形杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌。在两种肥皂类型之间，洗手后细菌载运量存在显着差异（χ2= 19.9，p = 0.001），其中滴露皂液的细菌载运量（31.2％）低于泰妥莫司皂液（68.8％）。分离出的细菌是人类的潜在病原体。用抗菌肥皂洗手后，细菌携带显着减少。应教育学龄儿童，需要用清水和肥皂洗手，并用干净的毛巾擦干，因为这将减少病原菌经口传播或进入开放性伤口的风险。

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