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首页> 外文期刊>BMJ Open Respiratory Research >Lifestyle and comorbid conditions as risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in outpatient adults (NEUMO-ES-RISK project)
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Lifestyle and comorbid conditions as risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in outpatient adults (NEUMO-ES-RISK project)

机译：生活方式和合并症是门诊成人社区获得性肺炎的危险因素（NEUMO-ES-RISK项目）

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Introduction Information about community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) risk in primary care is limited. We assess different lifestyle and comorbid conditions as risk factors (RF) for CAP in adults in primary care.Methods A retrospective-observational-controlled study was designed. Adult CAP cases diagnosed at primary care in Spain between 2009 and 2013 were retrieved using the National Surveillance System of Primary Care Data (BiFAP). Age-matched and sex-matched controls were selected by incidence density sampling (ratio 2:1). Associations are presented as percentages and OR. Binomial regression models were constructed to avoid bias effects.Results 51 139 patients and 102 372 controls were compared. Mean age (SD) was 61.4 (19.9) years. RF more significantly linked to CAP were: HIV (OR [95% CI]: 5.21 [4.35 to 6.27]), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2.97 [2.84 to 3.12]), asthma (2.16 [2.07,2.26]), smoking (1.96 [1.91 to 2.02]) and poor dental hygiene (1.45 [1.41 to 1.49]). Average prevalence of any RF was 82.2% in cases and 69.2% in controls (2.05 [2.00 to 2.10]). CAP rate increased with the accumulation of RF and age: risk associated with 1RF was 1.42 (1.37 to 1.47) in 18–60-year-old individuals vs 1.57 (1.49 to 1.66) in 60 years of age, with 2RF 1.88 (1.80 to 1.97) vs 2.35 (2.23, 2.48) and with ≥ 3 RF 3.11 (2.95, 3.30) vs 4.34 (4.13 to 4.57).Discussion Prevalence of RF in adult CAP in primary care is high. Main RFs associated are HIV, COPD, asthma, smoking and poor dental hygiene. Our risk stacking results could help clinicians identify patients at higher risk of pneumonia.
机译：简介有关初级保健中社区获得性肺炎（CAP）风险的信息有限。我们评估了不同生活方式和合并症，作为成人初级保健中CAP的危险因素（RF）。方法设计了一项回顾性观察对照研究。使用国家初级保健数据监视系统（BiFAP）检索了2009年至2013年在西班牙初级保健中诊断出的成人CAP病例。通过发病率密度抽样（比例2：1）选择年龄匹配和性别匹配的对照。关联以百分比和OR表示。建立二项式回归模型以避免偏倚效应。结果比较了51 139名患者和102 372名对照。平均年龄（SD）为61.4（19.9）岁。与CAP更密切相关的RF是：HIV（OR [95％CI]：5.21 [4.35至6.27]），慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）（2.97 [2.84至3.12]），哮喘（2.16 [2.07,2.26]） ，吸烟（1.96 [1.91至2.02]）和不良的牙齿卫生（1.45 [1.41至1.49]）。在病例中，任何RF的平均患病率为82.2％，在对照中为69.2％（2.05 [2.00至2.10]）。 CAP率随RF和年龄的累积而增加：18-60岁个体与1RF相关的风险为1.42（1.37至1.47），而60岁以上人群与1RF相关的风险为1.57（1.49至1.66），2RF为1.88（1.80）至1.97）vs 2.35（2.23，2.48）且≥3 RF 3.11（2.95，3.30）vs 4.34（4.13至4.57）。讨论初级保健中成人CAP的RF患病率很高。与之相关的主要RF是HIV，COPD，哮喘，吸烟和不良牙齿卫生。我们的风险叠加结果可以帮助临床医生确定肺炎风险较高的患者。

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