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Exposure assessment of radon in the drinking water supplies: a descriptive study in Palestine

机译：饮用水供应中ra的暴露评估：巴勒斯坦的描述性研究

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Background Radon gas is considered as a main risk factor for lung cancer and found naturally in rock, soil, and water. The objective of this study was to determine the radon level in the drinking water sources in Nablus city in order to set up a sound policy on water management in Palestine. Methods This was a descriptive study carried out in two phases with a random sampling technique in the second phase. Primarily, samples were taken from 4 wells and 5 springs that supplied Nablus city residents. For each source, 3 samples were taken and each was analyzed in 4 cycles by RAD 7 device manufactured by Durridge Company. Secondly, from the seven regions of the Nablus city, three samples were taken from the residential tap water of each region. Regarding the old city, ten samples were taken. Finally, the mean radon concentration value for each source was calculated. Results The mean (range) concentration of radon in the main sources were 6.9 (1.5-23.4) Becquerel /liter (Bq/L). Separately, springs and wells' means were 4.6 Bq/L and 9.5 Bq/L; respectively. For the residential tap water in the 7 regions, the results of the mean (range) concentration values were found to be 1.0 (0.9-1.3) Bq/L. For the old city, the mean (range) concentration values were 2.3 (0.9-3.9) Bq/L. Conclusions Except for Al-Badan well, radon concentrations in the wells and springs were below the United State Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminated level (U.S EPA MCL). The level was much lower for tap water. Although the concentration of radon in the tap water of old city were below the MCL, it was higher than other regions in the city. Preventive measures and population awareness on radon's exposure are recommended.
机译：背景Rad气被认为是肺癌的主要危险因素，天然存在于岩石，土壤和水中。这项研究的目的是确定纳布卢斯市饮用水源中的don水平，以便在巴勒斯坦建立健全的水管理政策。方法这是一个描述性研究，分为两个阶段，第二阶段采用随机抽样技术。首先，样本是从为纳布卢斯市居民提供的4口井和5口泉水中采集的。对于每个来源，取3个样品，并用Durridge Company制造的RAD 7设备在4个循环中分析每个样品。其次，从纳布卢斯市的七个地区中，从每个地区的居民自来水中抽取了三个样本。关于旧城区，抽取了十个样本。最后，计算出每个源的平均ra浓度值。结果主要来源中don的平均（范围）浓度为6.9（1.5-23.4）Becquerel /升（Bq / L）。泉水和井的平均值分别为4.6 Bq / L和9.5 Bq / L;分别。对于这7个区域的居民自来水，发现平均（范围）浓度值的结果为1.0（0.9-1.3）Bq / L。对于旧城区，平均（范围）浓度值为2.3（0.9-3.9）Bq / L。结论除Al-Badan井外，井和泉中的concentrations浓度均低于美国环境保护署的最大污染水平（美国EPA MCL）。自来水的含量要低得多。尽管旧城区自来水中的of浓度低于MCL，但高于该城市其他地区。建议采取预防措施并提高人们对ra暴露的认识。

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