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首页> 外文期刊>Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders >Investigating the genetic and environmental bases of biases in threat recognition and avoidance in children with anxiety problems
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Investigating the genetic and environmental bases of biases in threat recognition and avoidance in children with anxiety problems

机译：调查焦虑症儿童威胁识别和避免中偏见的遗传和环境基础

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Background Adults with anxiety show biased categorization and avoidance of threats. Such biases may emerge through complex interplay between genetics and environments, occurring early in life. Research on threat biases in children has focuses on a restricted range of biases, with insufficient focus on genetic and environmental origins. Here, we explore differences between children with and without anxiety problems in under-studied areas of threat bias. We focused both on associations with anxious phenotype and the underlying gene-environmental correlates for two specific processes: the categorisation of threat faces and avoidance learning. Method Two-hundred and fifty 10-year old MZ and DZ twin pairs (500 individuals) completed tasks assessing accuracy in the labelling of threatening facial expressions and in the acquisition of avoidant responses to a card associated with a masked threatening face. To assess whether participants met criteria for an anxiety disorder, parents of twins completed a self-guided computerized version of the Development and Well-being Assessment (DAWBA). Comparison of MZ and DZ twin correlations using model-fitting were used to compute estimates of genetic, shared and non-shared environmental effects. Results Of the 500 twins assessed, 25 (5%) met diagnostic criteria for a current anxiety disorder. Children with anxiety disorders were more accurate in their ability to recognize disgust faces than those without anxiety disorders, but were commensurate on identifying other threatening face emotions (angry, fearful, sad). Children with anxiety disorders but also more strongly avoided selecting a conditioned stimulus than non-anxious children. While recognition of socially threatening faces was moderately heritable, avoidant responses were heavily influenced by the non-shared environment. Conclusion These data add to other findings on threat biases in anxious children. Specifically, we found biases in the labelling of some negative-valence faces and in the acquisition of avoidant responses. While non-shared environmental effects explained all of the variance on threat avoidance, some of this may be due to measurement error.
机译：背景患有焦虑症的成年人表现出偏颇的分类，避免了威胁。这种偏见可能通过生命早期发生的遗传与环境之间复杂的相互作用而出现。对儿童威胁偏见的研究集中在偏见范围有限，而对遗传和环境起源的关注不足。在这里，我们研究在威胁偏见研究不足的地区，有和没有焦虑问题的孩子之间的差异。我们将重点放在与焦虑表型的关联以及两个特定过程的潜在基因与环境的关联上：威胁面孔的分类和避免学习。方法250名10岁的MZ和DZ双胞胎对（500人）完成了评估威胁性面部表情的标签以及获得对与蒙面威胁性面部相关的卡片的回避反应的准确性的任务。为了评估参与者是否符合焦虑症的标准，双胞胎的父母完成了自我指导的电脑版的发展与幸福评估（DAWBA）。使用模型拟合比较MZ和DZ孪生相关性，以计算遗传，共享和非共享环境影响的估计值。结果在评估的500名双胞胎中，有25名（5％）符合当前焦虑症的诊断标准。与没有焦虑症的孩子相比，患有焦虑症的孩子在识别厌恶面孔方面的能力更为准确，但在识别其他威胁性面孔情绪（愤怒，恐惧，悲伤）方面却与此相当。患有焦虑症的儿童比没有焦虑的儿童更强烈地避免选择条件刺激。尽管对具有社会威胁性面孔的认识是可遗传的，但回避的反应在非共享环境中受到严重影响。结论这些数据增加了焦虑儿童威胁偏见的其他发现。具体来说，我们发现某些负价面孔的标签和回避反应的获得存在偏差。尽管非共享的环境影响解释了避免威胁方面的所有差异，但其中某些可能是由于测量误差所致。

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