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Immune response of hibernating European bats to a fungal challenge

机译：冬眠蝙蝠对真菌挑战的免疫反应

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Immunological responses of hibernating mammals are suppressed at low body temperatures, a possible explanation for the devastating effect of the white-nose syndrome on hibernating North American bats. However, European bats seem to cope well with the fungal causative agent of the disease. To better understand the immune response of hibernating bats, especially against fungal pathogens, we challenged European greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis) by inoculating the fungal antigen zymosan. We monitored torpor patterns, immune gene expressions, different aspects of the acute phase response and plasma oxidative status markers, and compared them with sham-injected control animals at 30?min, 48?h and 96?h after inoculation. Torpor patterns, body temperatures, body masses, white blood cell counts, expression of immune genes, reactive oxygen metabolites and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity did not differ between groups during the experiment. However, zymosan injected bats had significantly higher levels of haptoglobin than the control animals. Our results indicate that hibernating greater mouse-eared bats mount an inflammatory response to a fungal challenge, with only mild to negligible consequences for the energy budget of hibernation. Our study gives a first hint that hibernating European bats may have evolved a hibernation-adjusted immune response in order to balance the trade-off between competent pathogen elimination and a prudent energy-saving regime.
机译：在较低的体温下，冬眠哺乳动物的免疫反应受到抑制，这可能解释了白鼻综合症对北美蝙蝠冬眠的破坏性作用。但是，欧洲蝙蝠似乎可以很好地应付该病的真菌病原。为了更好地了解冬眠蝙蝠的免疫应答，尤其是针对真菌病原体的免疫应答，我们通过接种真菌抗原zymosan挑战了欧洲更大的小鼠耳蝙蝠（Myotis myotis）。我们监测了龟裂模式，免疫基因表达，急性期反应的不同方面和血浆氧化状态标志物，并在接种后30分钟，48小时和96小时与假注射的对照动物进行了比较。实验期间两组之间的动脉粥样变化模式，体温，体重，白细胞计数，免疫基因表达，活性氧代谢产物和非酶抗氧化能力无差异。然而，酵母聚糖注射的蝙蝠的触珠蛋白水平明显高于对照动物。我们的结果表明，冬眠的蝙蝠越冬，对真菌的攻击就会产生炎性反应，冬眠的能量收支只有轻微到可忽略的后果。我们的研究提供了第一个暗示，冬眠的蝙蝠可能进化出冬眠调节的免疫反应，以平衡有效的病原体消除和审慎的节能方案之间的权衡。

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