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Asymmetry in olfactory generalization and the inclusion criterion in ants

机译：嗅觉泛化中的不对称性和蚂蚁的包含准则

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Animals constantly face the challenge of extracting important information out of their environment, and for many animals much of this information is chemical in nature. The ability to discriminate and generalize between chemical stimuli is extremely important and is commonly thought to depend mostly on the structural similarity between the different stimuli. However, we previously provided evidence that in the carpenter ant Camponotus aethiops , generalization not only depends on structural similarity, but also on the animal’s previous training experience. When individual ants were conditioned to substance A, they generalized toward a mixture of A and B. However, when trained to substance B, they did not generalize toward this mixture, resulting in asymmetrical generalization. This asymmetry followed an inclusion criterion, where the ants consistently generalized from a molecule with a long carbon chain to molecules with a shorter chain, but not the other way around. Here I will review the evidence for the inclusion criterion, describe possible proximate mechanisms underlying this phenomenon as well as discuss its potential adaptive significance.
机译：动物不断面临从其环境中提取重要信息的挑战，对于许多动物而言，许多此类信息本质上都是化学物质。区分和概括化学刺激的能力极为重要，通常被认为主要取决于不同刺激之间的结构相似性。但是，我们先前提供的证据表明，在木蚁蚂蚁（Camponotus aethiops）中，泛化不仅取决于结构相似性，还取决于动物先前的训练经验。当单个蚂蚁适应于物质A时，它们会向A和B的混合物泛化。但是，当受训针对物质B时，它们不会针对该混合物进行泛化，从而导致不对称泛化。这种不对称遵循一个包含准则，即蚂蚁从具有长碳链的分子一直推广到具有短链的分子，但反之则不行。在这里，我将回顾纳入标准的证据，描述该现象的潜在可能机制，并讨论其潜在的适应性意义。

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