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Influence of Packaging Materials and Storage Conditions on the Vitamins A and E Storage Stability of Palm Oil in Nigeria

机译：包装材料和贮存条件对尼日利亚棕榈油中维生素A和E贮存稳定性的影响

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Aims: Despite the presence of natural antioxidants contained in palm oil, it is still susceptible to quality deteriorations if not properly stored. This study therefore evaluates the storage stability of vitamins A and E in palm oil in four prominent packaging materials (metal cans, white plastic bottles, glass bottles and pet bottles) used in Nigeria and under three storage conditions [(refrigeration (5oC), closed cupboard (27oC) and direct sunlight (35oC)]. Study Design: Freshly produced palm oil was filled in metal cans, white plastic bottles, glass bottles and pet bottles and stored in open, direct sunlight (35±1oC), closed wooden cupboard (27±1oC) and a refrigerator (5±1oC) for a period of 120 days The samples were stored in a 4 (packaging materials) x 3 (Temperature) factorial arrangement making 12 treatments for each analysis sampled every 30 days for a period of 120 days. Vitamins A and E contents of palm oil samples were determined at 30 days intervals using ultraviolet spectrometer and high Performance Liquid Chromatography, respectively. Data values of triplicate determinations of vitamins A and E contents obtained from analysis were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and mean values were separated using Duncan New Multiple Range (DNMR) test using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. The rates of changes in the Vitamins A and E contents over the storage period of 120 days were also determined using Linear Regression analysis. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria between January, 2012 and December 2013. Methodology: Palm oil filled into the four different packaging materials was stored in the three storage conditions for a period of 120 days. Vitamins A and E contents of palm oil samples were determined at 30 days intervals using ultraviolet spectrometer and high Performance Liquid Chromatography, respectively. Data obtained were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine the statistical significant differences in the packaging materials and the storage conditions and the interactions between them. Mean values of vitamin A and vitamin E of different packaging methods and storage conditions were separated by Duncan New Multiple Range (DNMR) test to indicate their levels of significant differences. Linear Regression Analysis was also performed to determine the rates of changes in the vitamin A and E with time during storage. Results: The vitamins A and E content of the samples stored in open, direct sunlight were virtually lost at the end of the storage period. For samples stored in sunlight, the vitamin A values in metal cans decreased by 97.45%, in white plastic bottle by 92.19%, in glass bottle by 92.46% and in pet bottle by 93.13% while vitamins E also decreased by 92.31%, 61.54%, 75.48% and 82.05%, respectively. Samples stored at room temperature suffered a higher amount of losses compared to the refrigerated samples. The refrigerated samples recorded only a minimal amount of loss. For the storage in both the sunlight and the dark cupboard and storage under refrigerating temperature of 5oC, the order of preference for the packaging materials was white plastic bottle > glass bottle > pet bottle > metal can. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study have demonstrated that packaging palm oil in white plastic bottle is the best method of preserving palm oil under refrigerating condition and lacquered metal under sunlight and dark cupboard. It has also shown that vitamins A and E degrade faster when palm oil is stored under sunlight and totally unfit for human consumption at the end of the storage period hence, palm oil should be stored in cold, dry places to limit their losses of antioxidant components.
机译：目的：尽管棕榈油中含有天然抗氧化剂，但如果存放不当，仍然容易导致质量下降。因此，本研究评估了尼日利亚使用的四种主要包装材料（金属罐，白色塑料瓶，玻璃瓶和宠物瓶）在三种储存条件下（（冷藏（5oC），密闭）的棕榈油中维生素A和E的储存稳定性。橱柜（27oC）和直射阳光（35oC）]。研究设计：将新鲜生产的棕榈油填充到金属罐，白色塑料瓶，玻璃瓶和宠物瓶中，并存放在开放，直射阳光下（35±1oC），封闭的木制橱柜中（27±1oC）和冰箱（5±1oC）持续120天的时间将样品存储在4（包装材料）x 3（温度）因子分解仪中，每30天对每个分析样品进行12次处理，持续一段时间每120天一次，分别使用紫外光谱仪和高效液相色谱法每隔30天测定一次棕榈油样品中维生素A和E的含量，一式三份测定维生素A和E的数据值对分析进行方差分析（ANOVA），并使用邓肯新多重范围（DNMR）测试和社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）17.0版分离平均值。还使用线性回归分析确定了在储存120天期间维生素A和E含量的变化率。研究的地点和持续时间：2012年1月至2013年12月，尼日利亚阿库雷市联邦科技大学食品科学与技术系。方法：将填充在四种不同包装材料中的棕榈油在三种储存条件下储存一段时间120天。使用紫外线光谱仪和高效液相色谱法分别以30天为间隔测定棕榈油样品中的维生素A和E含量。对获得的数据进行方差分析（ANOVA），以确定包装材料和储存条件以及它们之间的相互作用的统计学显着差异。通过Duncan New Multiple Range（DNMR）测试将不同包装方法和储存条件下的维生素A和维生素E平均值分开，以表明它们的显着差异水平。还进行了线性回归分析，以确定在储存过程中维生素A和E随时间的变化率。结果：储存在露天，直射的阳光下，样品中的维生素A和E含量在储存期结束时几乎消失了。对于存储在阳光下的样品，金属罐中的维生素A值下降了97.45％，白色塑料瓶中的维生素A值下降了92.19％，玻璃瓶中的维生素A值下降了92.46％，宠物瓶中的维生素A值下降了93.13％，而维生素E也下降了92.31％，61.54％ ，分别为75.48％和82.05％。与冷藏样品相比，室温下存储的样品损失更大。冷藏样品仅记录了最小量的损失。对于在阳光和黑暗的橱柜中进行储存以及在5oC的冷藏温度下进行储存，包装材料的优先顺序为：白色塑料瓶>玻璃瓶>宠物瓶>金属罐。结论：从这项研究中获得的结果表明，将棕榈油包装在白色塑料瓶中是在冷藏条件下保存棕榈油以及在阳光和黑暗的橱柜下涂漆金属的最佳方法。研究还表明，将棕榈油储存在阳光下时，维生素A和E降解得更快，并且在储存期结束时完全不适合人类食用，因此，应将棕榈油储存在阴凉干燥的地方，以限制其抗氧化成分的损失。 。

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