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A history of you, me, and humanity: mitochondrial DNA in anthropological research

机译：您，我和人类的历史：人类学研究中的线粒体DNA

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Within genetic anthropology, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has garnered a prominent if not enduring place within the anthropological toolkit. MtDNA has provided new and innovative perspectives on the emergence and dispersal of our species, interactions with extinct human species, and illuminated relationships between human groups. In this paper, I provide a brief overview of the major findings ascertained from mtDNA about human origins, human dispersal across the globe, interactions with other hominin species, and the more recent uses of mtDNA in direct to consumer ancestry tests. Relative to nuclear DNA, mtDNA is a small section of the genome and due to its inheritance pattern provides a limited resolution of population history and an individual’s genetic ancestry. Consequently, some scholars dismiss mtDNA as insignificant due to the limited inferences that may be made using the locus. Regardless, mtDNA provides some useful insights to understanding how social, cultural, and environmental factors have shaped patterns of genetic variability. Furthermore, with regard to the experiences of historically marginalized groups, in particular those of African descent throughout the Americas, mtDNA has the potential to fill gaps in knowledge that would otherwise remain unknown. Within anthropological sciences, the value of this locus for understanding human experience is maximized when contextualized with complementary lines of evidence.
机译：在遗传人类学中，线粒体DNA（mtDNA）在人类学工具包中占据了突出的位置，即使不是持久的位置。 MtDNA为我们物种的出现和传播，与灭绝人类物种的相互作用以及人类群体之间的启发性关系提供了新的创新观点。在本文中，我简要概述了从mtDNA确定的有关人类起源，人类在全球范围内的分布，与其他人源菌素物种的相互作用以及在直接用于消费者血统测试中最新使用的mtDNA的主要发现。相对于核DNA，mtDNA是基因组中的一小部分，由于其遗传模式，其种群历史和个体的遗传祖先解析度有限。因此，由于使用基因座的有限推论，一些学者认为mtDNA无关紧要。无论如何，mtDNA为了解社会，文化和环境因素如何影响遗传变异的模式提供了一些有用的见识。此外，关于历史上处于边缘地位的群体的经验，特别是整个美洲的非洲人后裔的经验，mtDNA具有填补知识空白的潜力，否则这些知识将仍然未知。在人类学科学中，当使用互补的证据进行情境化时，此场所对理解人类经验的价值将最大化。

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