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Influences of nutrition and metabolism on reproduction of the female ruminant

机译：营养和代谢对反刍动物繁殖的影响

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Beef cows and ewes grazing native pastures are exposed to cycles of undernutrition that reflect the seasonal variations of biomass production. In grazing dairy cows, the physiological undernutrition during early lactation due to increased demands for lactation and low dry matter intake is exacerbated by the need to get sufficient intake from pasture and the extra grazing energy costs. Undernutrition has profound impacts on reproduction by affecting multiple reproductive processes at different levels of the reproductive axis. The objective of this paper is to review the influence of undernutrition on reproductive events of the adult female ruminant, with emphasis on both grassland and mixed rain-fed grazing farming systems. The comparative endocrinology and reproductive biology among ewes, beef and dairy cows may provide a comprehensive knowledge of the metabolic and reproductive adaptation to feed restriction. Understanding the critical underlying physiological mechanisms by which nutrition affects reproduction is the base of focus feeding strategy to improve the reproductive performance of the female ruminant.
机译：放牧天然牧场的牛和母羊遭受营养不足的循环，这反映了生物量生产的季节性变化。在放牧的奶牛中，由于需要从牧场获得足够的采食量以及额外的放牧能量成本，加剧了由于对泌乳的需求增加和干物质摄入量低而在早期哺乳期造成的营养不足。营养不良通过影响生殖轴不同水平上的多个生殖过程，对生殖产生深远影响。本文的目的是回顾营养不足对成年女性反刍动物生殖事件的影响，重点是草地和雨养混合放牧耕作制度。母羊，牛肉和奶牛之间的比较性内分泌学和生殖生物学可以提供有关代谢和生殖适应饲料限制的全面知识。了解营养影响生殖的关键生理机制是提高母反刍动物生殖性能的重点喂养策略的基础。

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