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The effect of audio–visual stimulation on sleep quality

机译：视听刺激对睡眠质量的影响

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Lateral orbitofrontal cortex is associated with human cognitive dynamics in the congruency sequence effect Responses are slower when the relevant and irrelevant cues indicate different responses (incongruent) than when they indi- cate the same response (congruent). This difference is referred to as conflict cost. The conflict cost is smaller when the previous trial is incongruent than congruent (congruency sequence effect, CSE). The conflict monitoring hypothesis (CMH) proposes that the ante- rior cingulate cortex detects the conflict in an incongruent trial, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex upregulates the cognitive control accordingly so as to decrease the conflict cost in the following trial. However, recent experimental results argued against the CMH by including a neutral condition in which the irrelevant cue indicates no response (thus no conflict). It was found that the conflict cost was larger after a congruent than neutral trial, while the CMH pre- dicts no difference. In the present study, we proposed contribution of task set inertia to the CSE: the irrelevant task set is more carried- over after a congruent than neutral trial. We conducted an fMRI experiment in which the participants responded according to the color of a bar and ignored the direction of an arrow overlapping on the bar. With a multi-voxel pattern analysis, we found that, for the neural response pattern in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (IOFC), (1) the discrimination accuracy of the current trial condition (con- gruent vs. incongruent) was significantly higher after a congruent than neutral trial, and (2) this difference in neural discrimination accuracy after congruent and neutral trials was positively corre- lated, across participants, with the difference in conflict cost after congruent and neutral trials. These results suggest that the OFC plays a crucial role in the process through which the task sets evoked in a trial influences the task execution in the following trial.
机译：在一致性序列效应中，眶额外侧皮层与人类认知动力学相关。当相关和无关的线索表明不同的反应（不一致）时，反应慢于指示相同的反应（一致）时。这种差异称为冲突成本。当先前的试验不一致时，冲突成本要小于一致试验（一致序列效应，CSE）。冲突监测假说（CMH）提出，在不相吻合的试验中，前扣带回皮层检测到冲突，而背外侧前额叶皮层相应地上调认知控制，从而在随后的试验中降低冲突成本。但是，最近的实验结果通过包含不相关提示表示没有响应（因此没有冲突）的中立条件而反对CMH。结果发现，经过一致的审判后，冲突成本要比中立的审判更大，而CMH预测没有差异。在本研究中，我们提出了任务集惯性对CSE的贡献：不相干的任务集经过一致的尝试比中立的尝试更能结转。我们进行了功能磁共振成像实验，其中参与者根据条形颜色做出反应，而忽略了条形上重叠的箭头方向。通过多体素模式分析，我们发现，对于外侧眶额叶皮质（IOFC）的神经反应模式，（1）当前试验条件（一致vs.不一致）的判别准确性显着提高。与中性试验相比，一致性更高;（2）在所有参试者中，一致性和中性试验后神经辨别准确性的差异与一致性和中性试验后的冲突成本差异呈正相关。这些结果表明，OFC在试验中诱发的任务集影响下一个试验中任务执行的过程中起着至关重要的作用。

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