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A systematic review of the nature of dispensing errors in hospital pharmacies

机译：对医院药房分配错误性质的系统评价

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Background: Dispensing errors are common in hospital pharmacies. Investigating dispensing errors is important for identifying the factors involved and developing strategies to reduce their occurrence. Objectives: To review published studies exploring the incidence and types of dispensing errors in hospital pharmacies and factors contributing to these errors. Methods: Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, and Web of Science were searched for articles published between January 2000 and January 2015. Inclusion criteria were: studies published in English, and studies investigating type, incidence and factors contributing to dispensing errors in hospital pharmacies. One researcher searched for all relevant published articles, screened all titles and abstracts, and obtained complete articles. A second researcher assessed the titles, abstracts, and complete articles to verify the reliability of the selected articles. Key findings: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria all of which were conducted in just four countries. Reviewing incident reports and direct observation were the main methods used to investigate dispensing errors. Dispensing error rates varied between countries (0.015%–33.5%) depending on the dispensing system, research method, and classification of dispensing error types. The most frequent dispensing errors reported were dispensing the wrong medicine, dispensing the wrong drug strength, and dispensing the wrong dosage form. The most common factors associated with dispensing errors were: high workload, low staffing, mix-up of look-alike/sound-alike drugs, lack of knowledge/experience, distractions/interruptions, and communication problems within the dispensary team. Conclusion: Studies relating to dispensing errors in hospital pharmacies are few in number and have been conducted in just four countries. The majority of these studies focused on the investigation of dispensing error types with no mention of contributing factors or strategies for reducing dispensing errors. Others studies are thus needed to investigate dispensing errors in hospital pharmacies, and a combined approach is recommended to investigate contributing factors associated with dispensing errors and explore strategies for reducing these errors.
机译：背景：分配错误在医院药房中很常见。调查分配错误对于确定相关因素和制定减少错误发生的策略很重要。目的：回顾已发表的研究，探讨医院药房中分配错误的发生率和类型以及造成这些错误的因素。方法：检索包括PubMed，Scopus，Ovid和Web of Science在内的电子数据库，以查找2000年1月至2015年1月之间发表的文章。纳入标准为：以英语发表的研究，以及调查类型，发生率和导致医院分配错误的因素的研究药房。一位研究人员搜索了所有相关的已发表文章，筛选了所有标题和摘要，并获得了完整的文章。第二位研究人员评估了标题，摘要和完整文章，以验证所选文章的可靠性。主要发现：十五项研究符合纳入标准，所有这些研究仅在四个国家进行。审查事故报告和直接观察是调查点胶错误的主要方法。各国之间的点胶错误率（0.015％–33.5％）不同，具体取决于点胶系统，研究方法和点胶错误类型的分类。报告的最常见分配错误是分配错误的药物，分配错误的药物强度和分配错误的剂型。与分配错误相关的最常见因素是：工作量大，人员少，相似/听起来相似的药物混合，缺乏知识/经验，分散注意力/干扰以及分配团队内部的沟通问题。结论：与医院药房配药错误有关的研究数量很少，仅在四个国家进行过。这些研究大多数集中在对分配错误类型的研究上，而没有提及减少分配错误的影响因素或策略。因此，需要开展其他研究来调查医院药房的分配错误，并且建议采用组合方法来调查与分配错误相关的促成因素，并探索减少这些错误的策略。

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