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Aspire or Expire: Super-Adaptable Agents and Problematic Innovation

机译：渴望或到期：超级适应性代理和有问题的创新

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摘要

Humans are unique as a species because, with the help of well-defined problematics, humans alone are capable of redefining reality. A problematic can be understood as an exceptionally-challenging intellectual objective (e.g., heavier-than-air flight, building the first atomic bomb, curing disease, landing humans on the moon, developing artificially-intelligent computers, constructing faster-than-light speed spacecraft, etc.) that requires knowledge-seekers to invent new facts and redefine reality in order to achieve the hoped-for objective. Although scientists prefer to think that scientific inquiry is constrained to an exploration of empirical facts, in truth, scientific progress is often instigated more effectively by the pursuit of a compelling problematic—in many cases, even by science fiction fantasies (Shatner, 2002)—rather than by an examination of established empirical facts (McGettigan, 2011). As such, science has proven to be the most effective means ever invented by humans to transform fantasies into reality.
机译：人类作为一个物种是独一无二的，因为在定义明确的问题的帮助下，只有人类才能重新定义现实。一个有问题的人可以理解为一个极具挑战性的智力目标（例如，重于空中飞行，制造第一枚原子弹，治愈疾病，将人类降落在月球上，开发人工智能智能计算机，构建比光速更快的速度）航天器等），需要知识寻求者发明新的事实并重新定义现实，以实现希望的目标。尽管科学家们倾向于认为科学探究仅限于对经验事实的探索，但实际上，通过追求引人入胜的问题（在许多情况下，甚至是科幻小说的幻想），科学进步往往更有效地被激发（Shatner，2002）而不是检查已建立的经验事实（McGettigan，2011）。因此，事实证明科学是人类发明的将幻想变为现实的最有效手段。

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