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Stakeholder views of breastfeeding education in schools: a systematic mixed studies review of the literature

机译：利益相关者对学校母乳喂养教育的看法：系统的混合研究文献综述

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BackgroundBreastfeeding provides numerous health benefits for mothers and infants, but worldwide breastfeeding rates fall below recommendations. As part of efforts to increase breastfeeding initiation and duration, the World Health Organization and UNICEF UK recommend educational interventions to increase awareness and positive attitudes towards breastfeeding beginning during the school years. Breastfeeding education in the school setting offers the opportunity to improve the knowledge base, address misconceptions, and positively influence beliefs and attitudes for students from a wide range of socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds. The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive narrative review of the literature regarding student and teacher (stakeholder) views of breastfeeding and breastfeeding education programs in schools to inform future research in the area. MethodsArticles were located through a systematic search of online databases and journals using the following keywords in various combinations: (1) breastfeeding, lactation, breast-feeding, “bottle feeding”, “infant feeding” (2) student, educator, teacher, “school administrator” and (3) schools, “secondary education”, “primary education”, “K-12”, “high school”, “middle school”, “elementary school”, education, adolescents, curriculum, and a manual search of article references. Studies were screened for inclusion against specific criteria and included papers were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). ResultsThis review suggests that adolescents have a deficit in breastfeeding knowledge and express negative conceptions about breastfeeding. Breastfeeding is being discussed in some school environments, but the extent of lessons and the specific messages that teachers communicate have not been explored. Students appear to be interested in receiving more information about breastfeeding, especially if delivered by health professionals or breastfeeding mothers. The majority of teachers are supportive of incorporating breastfeeding education in family and consumer sciences, sexual education, and health classes; however, time constraints and limited knowledge of infant feeding recommendations may be barriers to implementation of appropriate lesson plans. ConclusionsStudents generally support and are receptive to breastfeeding education; however, research on educator attitudes, knowledge, and experiences are necessary for appropriate implementation of breastfeeding education in varying school settings around the world.
机译：背景母乳喂养为母亲和婴儿带来许多健康益处，但全世界的母乳喂养率均低于建议值。作为增加母乳喂养开始时间和持续时间的努力的一部分，世界卫生组织和英国联合国儿童基金会建议采取教育干预措施，以提高在学年开始对母乳喂养的认识和积极态度。在学校环境中进行的母乳喂养教育为改善知识基础，解决误解并为具有广泛社会经济和文化背景的学生提供了积极影响信念和态度的机会。本文的目的是对有关母乳喂养和学校母乳喂养教育计划的学生和老师（利益相关者）观点的文献进行全面的叙述性回顾，以为该领域的未来研究提供参考。方法通过系统搜索在线数据库和期刊来查找文章，使用以下关键词进行各种组合：（1）母乳喂养，哺乳期，母乳喂养，“奶瓶喂养”，“婴儿喂养”（2）学生，教育者，教师，学校管理员”和（3）学校，“中学”，“小学”，“ K-12”，“高中”，“中学”，“小学”，教育，青少年，课程和手动搜索文章引用。根据特定标准筛选研究是否包括在内，并使用混合方法评估工具（MMAT）对纳入的论文进行评估。结果该评价表明，青少年在母乳喂养方面缺乏知识，并对母乳喂养表达负面看法。在某些学校环境中正在讨论母乳喂养，但尚未探讨课程的范围和教师交流的具体信息。学生似乎有兴趣获得有关母乳喂养的更多信息，特别是如果是由卫生专业人员或母乳喂养的母亲提供的。大多数教师支持将母乳喂养教育纳入家庭和消费者科学，性教育和健康课程;但是，时间限制和对婴儿喂养建议的了解有限，可能会阻碍实施适当的教学计划。结论学生普遍支持并接受母乳喂养教育;但是，在世界各地不同的学校环境中，对教育者的态度，知识和经验进行研究对于适当实施母乳喂养教育是必要的。

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