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首页> 外文期刊>Earth and Space Science >An Instrument Anomaly in the Mars Exploration Rover Pancam 1,009‐nm Filter (R7): Characterization, Simulation, Correction, and Preliminary Verification
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An Instrument Anomaly in the Mars Exploration Rover Pancam 1,009‐nm Filter (R7): Characterization, Simulation, Correction, and Preliminary Verification

机译：火星探测漫游器Pancam 1,009-nm滤光片（R7）中的仪器异常：表征，仿真，校正和初步验证

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During pre‐flight calibration of the panoramic camera (Pancam) instrument on board the Mars Exploration Rovers MER A (Spirit) and MER B (Opportunity), a discrepancy was noted between 11‐band spectra extracted from Pancam images of the camera's radiometric calibration target and reflectance spectra obtained with a spectrometer. This discrepancy was observed in the longest‐wavelength filter of the camera (the longpass R7 filter with system λ eff ?=?1,009?nm) and consisted of a reduction in contrast between bright and dark regions. Here we describe and characterize this effect. We propose that the effect arises because long‐wavelength photons close to the silicon band‐gap at 1,100?nm are allowed through the R7 filter, pass through the bulk charge‐coupled device, scatter from the backside, pass through the charge‐coupled device again, and are registered in a pixel other than the pixel through which they originally entered. Based on this hypothesis we develop a model capable of accurately simulating the effect, and correct for it. We present preliminary results from testing this correction on preflight, as well as in‐flight, images. The effect is small, but in some specific cases in small regions of high contrast, the effect is significant. In in‐flight images of Martian terrain we observed the signal in dark shadows to be artificially inflated by up to ～ 33% and analysis of early‐mission calibration target images indicated that the reduced contrast due to the artifact is equivalent to 100 DN (full well = 4095 DN) for a hypothetical perfectly dark pixel.
机译：在火星探索漫游者MER A（Spirit）和MER B（机会）上对全景相机（Pancam）仪器进行飞行前校准期间，注意到从相机辐射度校准目标的Pancam图像中提取的11波段光谱之间存在差异。和用光谱仪获得的反射光谱。这种差异是在相机的最长波长滤镜（系统λeff？=？1,009？nm的长通R7滤镜）中观察到的，并且由明暗区域之间的对比度降低引起。在这里，我们描述并描述这种影响。我们之所以会产生这种效应，是因为允许通过R7滤光片，接近1100 nm的硅带隙的长波长光子，穿过大容量电荷耦合器件，从背面散射，穿过电荷耦合器件。再次注册，并注册在其最初输入像素以外的其他像素中。基于此假设，我们开发了一种能够准确模拟效果并对其进行校正的模型。我们提供了在飞行前和飞行中对这种校正进行测试的初步结果。效果很小，但是在某些特定情况下，在对比度高的小区域中，效果很明显。在火星地形的机载图像中，我们观察到暗影中的信号被人为膨胀高达〜33％，对早期任务标定目标图像的分析表明，由于伪像而导致的对比度降低等于> 100 DN（全井= 4095 DN）的假设完全暗像素。

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