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ECDC/EFSA/EMA first joint report on the integrated analysis of the consumption of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from humans and food‐producing animals

机译：ECDC / EFSA / EMA首次联合报告，对人类和食品生产动物的细菌中抗菌药物的消耗量和抗菌素耐药性的综合分析

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The ECDC, the EFSA and the EMA have for the first time jointly explored associations between consumption of antimicrobials in humans and food‐producing animals, and antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from humans and food‐producing animals, using 2011 and 2012 data currently available from their relevant five EU monitoring networks. Combined data on antimicrobial consumption and corresponding resistance in animals and humans for EU MSs and reporting countries were analysed using logistic regression models for selected combinations of bacteria and antimicrobials. A summary indicator of the proportion of resistant bacteria in the main food‐producing animal species was calculated for the analysis, as consumption data in food‐producing animals were not available at the species level. Comparison of antimicrobial consumption data in animals and humans in 2012, both expressed in milligrams per kilogram of estimated biomass, revealed that overall antimicrobial consumption was higher in animals than in humans, although contrasting situations were observed between countries. The consumption of several antimicrobials extensively used in animal husbandry was higher in animals than in humans, while consumption of antimicrobials critically important for human medicine (such as fluoroquinolones and 3rd‐ and 4th‐generation cephalosporins) was higher in humans. In both humans and animals, positive associations between consumption of antimicrobials and the corresponding resistance in bacteria were observed for most of the combinations investigated. In some cases, a positive association was also found between antimicrobial consumption in animals and resistance in bacteria from humans. While highlighting findings of concern, these results should be interpreted with caution owing to current data limitations and the complexity of the AMR phenomenon, which is influenced by several factors besides antimicrobial consumption. Recommendations to address current data limitations for analyses of this type were identified. In any case, responsible use of antimicrobials in both humans and animals should be promoted.
机译：ECDC，EFSA和EMA首次联合使用人类和食用动物的抗菌素耐药性与人类和食用动物的抗菌素耐药性之间的联系，探讨了它们之间的联系（2011年和2012年数据）相关的五个欧盟监测网络。使用logistic回归模型分析了选定的细菌和抗菌素组合，分析了欧盟MS和报告国家抗菌素消费量和动物和人类相应耐药性的组合数据。计算了主要食用粮食动物物种中抗药性细菌比例的摘要指标，以进行分析，因为在物种一级尚无食用粮食动物的消费数据。比较2012年动物和人类的抗菌素消耗数据（均以毫克/千克估计生物量表示），尽管在国家之间观察到相反的情况，但动物的总体抗菌素消耗量高于人类。动物饲养中广泛使用的几种抗菌素的消费量高于人类，而对人类医学至关重要的抗菌素（例如氟喹诺酮类药物以及第三代和第四代头孢菌素）的消费量则高于人类。在人类和动物中，对于大多数研究的组合，都观察到了抗菌药物的消耗与细菌中相应耐药性之间的正相关性。在某些情况下，还发现动物食用抗生素与人类细菌抵抗之间存在正相关。在强调令人关注的发现时，由于当前的数据局限性和AMR现象的复杂性，这些结果应谨慎解释，这不仅受抗菌素消耗的影响，还受其他几个因素的影响。确定了解决此类分析当前数据限制的建议。无论如何，应促进人类和动物对抗生素的负责任使用。

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    《EFSA Journal》 |2015年第1期|共115页
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