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The landscape of RNA polymerase II transcription initiation in C. elegans reveals a novel enhancer architecture

机译:秀丽隐杆线虫RNA聚合酶II转录起始的格局揭示了一种新型的增强子结构

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RNA polymerase transcription initiation sites are largelyunknown in C. elegans. The initial 5’ end of most protein-coding transcripts are removed by trans-splicing,and non-coding initiation sites have not been investigated.We characterized the global landscape of RNA PolII transcription initiation, identifying 73,500 distinct clustersof initiation, many of which are bidirectional. Weassign transcription initiation sites to 7691 protein-codinggenes and find that initiation units show a range ofpatterns that have differences in core promoter elementsand nucleosome positioning. We also show that HOT(high-occupancy target) regions bound by most transcriptionfactors are core promoters for protein codinggenes. Strikingly, the majority of transcription initiationevents occur in regions with enhancer-like chromatin signatures.These define 3,405 putative enhancer regions(PERs), which are enriched at developmental and neuronalgenes. The majority of PERs contain mapped transcriptionfactor binding sites, and these often initiatebidirectional transcription. Remarkably, productive transcriptionelongation across PERs is usually directional,predominantly in the same orientation as that of thenearest downstream gene. We propose that this architectureis a feature of active enhancers.
机译:RNA聚合酶转录起始位点在秀丽隐杆线虫中很大程度上未知。大多数蛋白质编码转录本的起始5'端通过反式剪接除去,并且未研究非编码起始位点。我们表征了RNA PolII转录起始的全球格局,确定了73,500个不同的起始簇,其中许多是双向。我们将转录起始位点分配给7691个蛋白编码基因,发现起始单元显示出一系列模式,这些模式在核心启动子元件和核小体位置上具有差异。我们还表明,大多数转录因子结合的HOT(高占用目标)区域是蛋白质编码基因的核心启动子。令人惊讶的是,大多数转录起始事件发生在具有增强子样染色质特征的区域中,这些区域定义了3405个推定的增强子区域(PER),这些区域富含发育和神经元基因。大多数PER包含映射的转录因子结合位点,并且这些位点通常会启动双向转录。值得注意的是,跨PER的生产性转录伸长通常是定向的,主要与最近的下游基因的定向相同。我们建议此体系结构是主动增强器的功能。

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