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首页> 外文期刊>Epigenetics & Chromatin >Spatial and temporal plasticity of chromatin during programmed DNA-reorganization in Stylonychia macronuclear development
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Spatial and temporal plasticity of chromatin during programmed DNA-reorganization in Stylonychia macronuclear development

机译：针茅大核发育中程序化DNA重组过程中染色质的时空可塑性。

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Background: In this study we exploit the unique genome organization of ciliates to characterize the biological function of histone modification patterns and chromatin plasticity for the processing of specific DNA sequences during a nuclear differentiation process. Ciliates are single-cell eukaryotes containing two morphologically and functionally specialized types of nuclei, the somatic macronucleus and the germline micronucleus. In the course of sexual reproduction a new macronucleus develops from a micronuclear derivative. During this process specific DNA sequences are eliminated from the genome, while sequences that will be transcribed in the mature macronucleus are retained. Results: We show by immunofluorescence microscopy, Western analyses and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments that each nuclear type establishes its specific histone modification signature. Our analyses reveal that the early macronuclear anlage adopts a permissive chromatin state immediately after the fusion of two heterochromatic germline micronuclei. As macronuclear development progresses, repressive histone modifications that specify sequences to be eliminated are introduced de novo. ChIP analyses demonstrate that permissive histone modifications are associated with sequences that will be retained in the new macronucleus. Furthermore, our data support the hypothesis that a PIWI-family protein is involved in a transnuclear cross-talk and in the RNAi-dependent control of developmental chromatin reorganization. Conclusion: Based on these data we present a comprehensive analysis of the spatial and temporal pattern of histone modifications during this nuclear differentiation process. Results obtained in this study may also be relevant for our understanding of chromatin plasticity during metazoan embryogenesis.
机译：背景：在这项研究中，我们利用纤毛虫的独特基因组组织来表征组蛋白修饰模式的生物功能和染色质可塑性，以在核分化过程中处理特定的DNA序列。纤毛虫是单细胞真核生物，包含两种形态和功能上特殊的细胞核，即体细胞大核和种系微核。在有性生殖的过程中，新的大核由微核衍生物形成。在此过程中，从基因组中消除了特定的DNA序列，而保留了将在成​​熟大核中转录的序列。结果：我们通过免疫荧光显微镜，Western分析和染色质免疫沉淀（ChIP）实验表明，每种核类型都建立了其特定的组蛋白修饰特征。我们的分析表明，在两个异色种系微核融合后，早期的大核显象质立即处于允许的染色质状态。随着大核的发展，从头引入了指定要消除的序列的抑制性组蛋白修饰。 ChIP分析表明，允许的组蛋白修饰与将保留在新大核中的序列相关。此外，我们的数据支持以下假设：PIWI家族蛋白参与跨核串扰和发育染色质重组的RNAi依赖性控制。结论：基于这些数据，我们对这种核分化过程中组蛋白修饰的时空模式进行了全面分析。这项研究中获得的结果可能也与我们对后生子胚胎发生过程中染色质可塑性的理解有关。

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