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Regional epigenetic variation in asexual snail populations among urban and rural lakes

机译：城乡湖泊间无性蜗牛种群的区域表观遗传变异

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Epigenetic variation has the potential to influence environmentally dependent development and contribute to phenotypic responses to local environments. Environmental epigenetic studies of sexual organisms confirm the capacity to respond through epigenetic variation. An epigenetic response could be even more important in a population when genetic variation is lacking. A previous study of an asexual snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum , demonstrated that different populations derived from a single clonal lineage differed in both shell phenotype and methylation signature when comparing lake versus river populations. Here, we examine methylation variation among lakes that differ in environmental disturbance and pollution histories. Snails were collected from a more pristine rural Lake 1 (Lake Lytle), and two urban lakes, Lake 2 (Capitol Lake) and Lake 3 (Lake Washington) on the Northwest Pacific coast. DNA methylation was assessed for each sample population using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation, MeDIP, followed by next-generation sequencing. The differential DNA methylation regions (DMRs) identified among the different lake comparisons suggested a higher number of DMRs and variation between rural Lake 1 and one urban Lake 2, and between the two urban Lakes 2 and 3, but limited variation between the rural Lake 1 and urban Lake 3. DMR genomic characteristics and gene associations were investigated. The presence of site-specific differences between each of these lake populations suggest an epigenetic response to varied environmental factors. The results do not support an effect of geographic distance in these populations. The role of dispersal distance among lakes, population history, environmental pollution and stably inherited methylation versus environmentally triggered methylation in producing the observed epigenetic variation are discussed. Observations support the proposal that epigenetic alterations may associate with phenotypic variation and environmental factors and history of the different lakes.
机译：表观遗传变异有可能影响环境依赖性的发育并促进对当地环境的表型反应。性生物的环境表观遗传学研究证实了通过表观遗传变异做出反应的能力。当缺乏遗传变异时，表观遗传反应在人群中甚至更为重要。先前对无性蜗牛Potamopyrgus antipodarum的研究表明，从单个克隆世系中获得的不同种群在比较湖与河流种群时的壳表型和甲基化特征均不同。在这里，我们研究了环境干扰和污染历史不同的湖泊之间的甲基化变化。蜗牛是从西北太平洋沿岸一个更为原始的乡村湖泊1（莱特尔湖）和两个市区湖泊-湖泊2（国会湖）和湖泊3（华盛顿湖）中收集的。使用甲基化的DNA免疫沉淀法MeDIP，然后进行下一代测序，评估每个样本群体的DNA甲基化程度。在不同湖泊比较中鉴定出的差异DNA甲基化区域（DMR）表明，农村湖泊1和一个城市湖泊2之间，两个城市湖泊2和3之间的DMR数量和变异较高，但农村湖泊1之间的变异有限和市区湖3。调查了DMR的基因组特征和基因关联。这些湖泊种群中的每一个之间的特定地点差异的存在表明对各种环境因素的表观遗传反应。结果不支持这些人群中地理距离的影响。讨论了湖泊之间的分散距离，种群历史，环境污染以及稳定遗传的甲基化与环境引发的甲基化在产生观察到的表观遗传变异中的作用。观测结果支持表观遗传改变可能与表型变异和环境因素以及不同湖泊的历史有关的提议。

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