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Estimates of Soil Renewal Rates: Applications for Anti-Erosion Arrangement of the Agricultural Landscape

机译：土壤更新速率的估算：在农业景观的抗侵蚀安排中的应用

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Engineering and geographic substantiation of the anti-erosion organization of agricultural landscapes requires not only differentiated estimations of erosion losses, but also commensurate (in terms of space–time scales) estimations of the soil loss tolerance. The main approaches for determining the participation of estimations of soil formation in the substantiation of erosion tolerance have been defined. This study is aimed at justifying the methods of incorporating the results of pedogenesis modeling into computational methods for organizing agricultural landscapes. This paper presents the results of a study of the process of formation of the humus horizon and the accumulation of organic carbon in soils, based on soils from archaeological sites in the Crimean Peninsula over a period from 25 to 2000 years ago, with differences in climate and parent rock, in a region with a thousand-year history of human activity. The patterns of variation in the thickness of the humus horizons over time and the accumulation of carbon were determined, and estimates for the rate of the pedogenesis were obtained. In connection with the slowing of the rate of pedogenesis over time, the chronofunction of the change in the thickness of soils (of both exponential and logistic types) may be applied and, on this basis, it is possible to calculate the rates of the formation of the humus horizon depending on the morphological status of the soils. During re-naturation of highly degraded soils, maximum renewal rates may take place only with a very high input of organic matter, which is crucial to take into account in the development and implementation of programs for the rehabilitation of degraded lands. Under the conditions of slope agriculture, the rationale for T-values should be linked to many factors of the input and consumption of organic carbon, which provides a logical mathematical model of the formation of soil quality. For soil quality management on agricultural lands, a formula for calculating T-values, using an equation where the rate of pedogenesis is associated with a variety of changes in soil organic carbon, is proposed in this article.
机译：农业景观抗侵蚀组织的工程和地理依据不仅要求对侵蚀损失进行差异化估算，而且还需要对土壤流失耐受性进行相应的（就时空尺度而言）估算。定义了确定土壤形成的估计值参与耐蚀性证据的主要方法。这项研究旨在证明将成岩作用建模结果整合到组织农业景观的计算方法中的方法。本文根据克里米亚半岛25至2000年前的考古现场土壤，结合气候差异，研究了腐殖质层形成过程和土壤中有机碳积累的研究结果。以及人类活动历史悠久的地区的母岩。确定腐殖质层厚度随时间变化的模式以及碳的积累，并获得成岩速率的估算值。与成岩速率随着时间的推移而减慢有关，可以应用（指数类型和逻辑类型的）土壤厚度变化的时间函数，在此基础上，可以计算地层速率腐殖质层位的变化取决于土壤的形态。在高度退化的土壤重新自然化过程中，只有在有机物输入量很高的情况下，才能实现最大的更新速度，这对于制定和实施退化土地的恢复计划至关重要。在坡耕农业条件下，T值的原理应与有机碳的输入和消耗的许多因素联系在一起，这为土壤质量的形成提供了逻辑数学模型。对于农业土地上的土壤质量管理，本文提出了一个公式，用于计算T值，该公式使用的是成岩作用速率与土壤有机碳的多种变化相关的方程式。

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