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Association of metabolic NCD risk factors with oral, breast and cervical precancers and cancers in India

机译：印度代谢性NCD危险因素与口腔癌，乳腺癌和宫颈癌的相关性

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Objective To find an association between metabolic non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors (high blood pressure (BP), high random blood sugar (RBS) and overweight /obesity) and oral, breast, cervical cancers/precancerous or potentially malignant conditions. Design This is an observational study using convenience sampling. The participants were screened through opportunistic or population-based screening. Setting The study was conducted at a health promotion clinic (HPC) located in Northern India under the Indian Council of Medical Research. HPC is a screening clinic where screening is done for hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, and oral, breast and cervical cancers. The study was conducted between December 2016 and January 2019. Participant The number of participants screened was 8352 (6712 women and 1640 men). All consenting men and women above 18 years were included. All participants were screened for oral cancer, DM, HT and obesity. All women were also screened for breast and cervical cancers. Cervical screening was done for non-pregnant women 21 years and above with history of sexual activity. Result Oral potentially malignant disease (OPMD) was the most prevalent, followed by breast cancer, oral cancer, cervical cancer and cervical precancer. High RBS had a strong association with oral cancer (OR=2.29, 95% CI 1.09 to 4.82, p=0.03) and breast cancer (OR=1.95, 95% CI 1.01 to 3.76, p=0.05). High BP had a strong association with breast cancer (OR=2.50, 95% CI 1.43 to 4.35, p0.0001). An inverse association was noted between oral cancer and overweight/obesity (OR=0.20, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.48, p0.0001). Current tobacco use was strongly associated with oral cancer (OR=6.51, 95% CI 3.63 to 11.67, p0.0001) and OPMD (OR=9.82, 95% CI 8.13 to 11.86, p0.0001). No association was elicited between the metabolic NCD risk factors and cervical cancer/precancer. Conclusions The study reaffirms that NCD metabolic risk factors determine oral and breast cancers. Besides NCD risk factors, current tobacco use was a strong determinant of OPMD and oral cancer. Hence, primary and primordial prevention measures to control NCD metabolic risk factors and tobacco use should move along with secondary prevention of breast and oral cancers.
机译：目的寻找代谢性非传染性疾病（NCD）危险因素（高血压（BP），高随机血糖（RBS）和超重/肥胖症）与口腔，乳腺癌，宫颈癌/癌前或潜在恶性疾病之间的关联。设计这是一项使用便利抽样的观察性研究。通过机会性或基于人群的筛选对参与者进行筛选。背景研究是在印度医学研究理事会下属的印度北部健康促进诊所（HPC）进行的。 HPC是一家筛查诊所，可对高血压（HT），糖尿病（DM），肥胖症以及口腔癌，乳腺癌和宫颈癌进行筛查。该研究于2016年12月至2019年1月进行。参与者筛选出的参与者为8352（女性6712，男性1640）。包括所有18岁以上同意的男人和女人。对所有参与者进行了口腔癌，DM，HT和肥胖症筛查。还对所有妇女进行了乳腺癌和宫颈癌筛查。对有性行为史的21岁及以上未怀孕妇女进行宫颈筛查。结果口腔潜在恶性疾病（OPMD）最为普遍，其次是乳腺癌，口腔癌，子宫颈癌和子宫颈癌。高RBS与口腔癌（OR = 2.29，95％CI 1.09至4.82，p = 0.03）和乳腺癌（OR = 1.95，95％CI 1.01至3.76，p = 0.05）密切相关。高血压与乳腺癌密切相关（OR = 2.50，95％CI 1.43至4.35，p <0.0001）。口腔癌与超重/肥胖之间存在负相关关系（OR = 0.20，95％CI 0.08至0.48，p <0.0001）。当前使用烟草与口腔癌（OR = 6.51，95％CI 3.63至11.67，p <0.0001）和OPMD（OR = 9.82，95％CI 8.13-11.86，p <0.0001）密切相关。代谢性非传染性疾病的危险因素与宫颈癌/癌前病变之间没有关联。结论研究重申了NCD代谢危险因素决定了口腔癌和乳腺癌。除了非传染性疾病的危险因素外，目前的烟草使用还是OPMD和口腔癌的重要决定因素。因此，控制NCD代谢危险因素和吸烟的主要和原始预防措施应与乳腺癌和口腔癌的二级预防一起发展。

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