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Why Don't Languages Adapt to Their Environment?

机译：语言为什么不适应他们的环境？

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The issue of whether languages adapt to their environment depends on our understanding of language, adaptation and environment. I consider these three concepts from an internalist or biolinguistic point of view. If adaptation is defined as the result of the differential transmission of phenotypic traits by means of natural selection, then both natural species and languages are adapted. Recall that according to Darwina??s own insight, the evolutionary mechanisms for species and languages are a??curiously the samea?? (or a??curiously parallela??). However, if the concept of adaptation entails that the environment is the essential source of the structure of evolving objects, then neither natural species nor languages can be said to be adapted to their environment. In the case of languages, I will argue that much of their structure is insensitive to historical change and, therefore, incapable of adaptation to the external environment. The immediate environment of languages is in fact internal to the mind/brain and is thus less variable than the social and physical environment in which people live. On the other hand, the dimensions of languages that are variable have such an indirect relation with the physical and social environment that the notion of adaptation to extra-linguistic reality can only be applied weakly, and then it is unable to explain the main patterns of linguistic structural diversity.
机译：语言是否适应其环境的问题取决于我们对语言，适应性和环境的理解。我从内部主义者或生物语言学的角度考虑这三个概念。如果通过自然选择将适应性定义为表型性状差异传递的结果，那么自然物种和语言都将被适应。回想一下，根据达尔文纳（Darwina）自己的见解，物种和语言的进化机制令人惊讶地是相同的。 （或“奇怪地平行”？）。但是，如果适应的概念要求环境是不断演变的物体结构的基本来源，那么自然物种和语言都不能说是适应其环境的。对于语言，我将争辩说它们的大部分结构对历史变化不敏感，因此不能适应外部环境。语言的直接环境实际上是大脑/大脑的内部环境，因此与人们所居住的社会和身体环境相比，变化较小。另一方面，可变语言的维度与自然环境和社会环境有着如此间接的联系，以至于只能适应性地应用适应语言外现实的概念，从而无法解释语言的主要模式。语言结构的多样性。

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