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Metaproteomics Reveals Abundant Transposase Expression in Mutualistic Endosymbionts

机译：元蛋白质组学揭示了相互内生共生体中大量的转座酶表达。

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Transposases, enzymes that catalyze the movement of mobile genetic elements, are the most abundant genes in nature. While many bacteria encode an abundance of transposases in their genomes, the current paradigm is that the expression of transposase genes is tightly regulated and generally low due to its severe mutagenic effects. In the current study, we detected the highest number of transposase proteins ever reported in bacteria, in symbionts of the gutless marine worm Olavius algarvensis with metaproteomics. At least 26 different transposases from 12 different families were detected, and genomic and proteomic analyses suggest that many of these are active. This high expression of transposases indicates that the mechanisms for their tight regulation have been disabled or no longer exist. >IMPORTANCE The expansion of transposable elements (TE) within the genomes of host-restricted symbionts and pathogens plays an important role in their emergence and evolution and might be a key mechanism for adaptation to the host environment. However, little is known so far about the underlying causes and evolutionary mechanisms of this TE expansion. The current model of genome evolution in host-restricted bacteria explains TE expansion within the confines of the paradigm that transposase expression is always low. However, recent work failed to verify this model. Based on our data, we hypothesize that increased transposase expression, which has not previously been described, may play a role in TE expansion, and could be one explanation for the sometimes very rapid emergence and evolution of new obligate symbionts and pathogens from facultative ones.
机译：转座酶是催化移动遗传元件运动的酶，是自然界中最丰富的基因。尽管许多细菌在其基因组中编码大量的转座酶，但目前的范例是转座酶基因的表达受到严格的调控，由于其严重的诱变作用，因此其表达通常较低。在当前的研究中，我们检测到细菌中有报道的转座酶蛋白数量最高，这是在带有元蛋白质组学的无肠海蠕虫的共生物中。至少检测到来自12个不同家族的26种不同的转座酶，而基因组和蛋白质组学分析表明其中许多是活跃的。转座酶的这种高表达表明其严格调控的机制已被禁用或不再存在。 >重要：宿主限制性共生体和病原体基因组内转座因子（TE）的扩展在它们的出现和进化中起着重要作用，并且可能是适应宿主环境的关键机制。但是，到目前为止，对这种TE扩展的根本原因和进化机制知之甚少。目前在宿主限制性细菌中的基因组进化模型解释了转座酶表达始终较低的范式范围内的TE扩展。但是，最近的工作未能验证该模型。根据我们的数据，我们假设转座酶表达的增加（以前未曾描述过）可能在TE扩展中起作用，并且可能是有时代性共生共生病菌和病原体有时迅速出现和进化的一种解释。

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