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Mast Cells and Neuroinflammation

机译：肥大细胞与神经炎症

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Abstract It has been determined that there is extensive communication between the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS). Proinflammatory cytokines play a key role in this communication. There is an emerging realization that glia and microglia, in particular, (which are the brain’s resident macrophages), are an important source of inflammatory mediators and may have fundamental roles in CNS disorders. Microglia respond also to proinflammatory signals released from other non-neuronal cells, principally those of immune origin, such as mast cells. Mast cells reside in the CNS and are capable of migrating across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in situations where the barrier is compromised as a result of CNS pathology. Mast cells are both sensors and effectors in communication among nervous, vascular, and immune systems. In the brain, they reside on the brain side of the BBB, and interact with astrocytes, microglia, and blood vessels via their neuroactive stored and newly synthesized chemicals. They are first responders, acting as catalysts and recruiters to initiate, amplify, and prolong other immune and nervous responses upon activation. Mast cells both promote deleterious outcomes in brain function and contribute to normative behavioral functioning, particularly cognition and emotion. Mast cells may play a key role in treating systemic inflammation or blockade of signaling pathways from the periphery to the brain.
机译：摘要已经确定免疫系统和中枢神经系统（CNS）之间存在广泛的交流。促炎细胞因子在这种交流中起关键作用。人们逐渐认识到，尤其是神经胶质细胞和小胶质细胞（它们是大脑中的常驻巨噬细胞），是炎症介质的重要来源，并且可能在中枢神经系统疾病中起基本作用。小胶质细胞也对其他非神经元细胞释放的促炎信号作出反应，主要是免疫起源的信号，例如肥大细胞。肥大细胞驻留在CNS中，并且能够在由于CNS病理而损害屏障的情况下跨血脑屏障（BBB）迁移。肥大细胞既是神经系统，血管系统和免疫系统之间通讯的传感器，也是效应器。在大脑中，它们位于BBB的大脑侧，并通过其神经活性储存和新合成的化学物质与星形胶质细胞，小胶质细胞和血管相互作用。它们是第一反应者，充当催化剂和募集者，以在激活后引发，扩增和延长其他免疫和神经反应。肥大细胞既促进脑功能的有害结果，又促进规范的行为功能，特别是认知和情感。肥大细胞可能在治疗系统性炎症或阻断从外周到大脑的信号传导途径中起关键作用。

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