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Metabolic Adaptation and Protein Complexes in Prokaryotes

机译：原核生物的代谢适应和蛋白质复合体

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Protein complexes are classified and have been charted in several large-scale screening studies in prokaryotes. These complexes are organized in a factory-like fashion to optimize protein production and metabolism. Central components are conserved between different prokaryotes; major complexes involve carbohydrate, amino acid, fatty acid and nucleotide metabolism. Metabolic adaptation changes protein complexes according to environmental conditions. Protein modification depends on specific modifying enzymes. Proteins such as trigger enzymes display condition-dependent adaptation to different functions by participating in several complexes. Several bacterial pathogens adapt rapidly to intracellular survival with concomitant changes in protein complexes in central metabolism and optimize utilization of their favorite available nutrient source. Regulation optimizes protein costs. Master regulators lead to up- and downregulation in specific subnetworks and all involved complexes. Long protein half-life and low level expression detaches protein levels from gene expression levels. However, under optimal growth conditions, metabolite fluxes through central carbohydrate pathways correlate well with gene expression. In a system-wide view, major metabolic changes lead to rapid adaptation of complexes and feedback or feedforward regulation. Finally, prokaryotic enzyme complexes are involved in crowding and substrate channeling. This depends on detailed structural interactions and is verified for specific effects by experiments and simulations.
机译：对蛋白质复合物进行了分类，并已在原核生物的一些大规模筛选研究中绘制了图表。这些复合物以工厂式的方式组织，以优化蛋白质的产生和代谢。不同原核生物之间的中心成分是保守的。主要复合物涉及碳水化合物，氨基酸，脂肪酸和核苷酸代谢。代谢适应会根据环境条件改变蛋白质复合物。蛋白质修饰取决于特定的修饰酶。诸如触发酶之类的蛋白质通过参与多种复合物，表现出条件依赖性地适应不同功能。几种细菌性病原体迅速适应细胞内存活，同时伴随着中枢代谢中蛋白质复合物的变化，并优化了其最喜欢的可用营养源的利用。监管可以优化蛋白质成本。主监管者导致特定子网和所有涉及的综合体的上调和下调。较长的蛋白质半衰期和较低的表达水平使蛋白质水平与基因表达水平分离。但是，在最佳生长条件下，通过中央碳水化合物途径的代谢物通量与基因表达密切相关。在全系统范围内，主要的代谢变化导致复合物和反馈或前馈调节的快速适应。最后，原核酶复合物参与拥挤和底物通道。这取决于详细的结构相互作用，并已通过实验和模拟验证了其特定的效果。

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