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School Libraries as Old but New Supports for Education in Japan: A Review of Japan's National Curriculum for Elementary Schools

机译：学校图书馆是日本教育的新旧支持：日本国立小学课程概述

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This research investigates the historical developments and trends in school library use in Japan's elementary schools. Japan has a centralized curriculum administration. Thus, the curriculum for a given subject activity takes its reference hierarchically a€“ first national, then local before finally, school-based curriculum standards. These curriculum standards are designed to ensure the equity of education. This study reviews Japan's national curriculum standards (The Course of Study) as an important tool for gaining a general understanding of how school libraries have been defined and utilized in the Japanese situation. The National Curriculum Standards has been reformed eight times since 1947, and eight reforms are analyzed in this study. The specifications for school libraries have evolved progressively in the National Curriculum Standards. The content and frequency of the specifications has changed corresponding to the 20-year-cycle changes to curriculum. Recent reforms especially highlight school library usage. The role of the school library has expanded historically since it was initially taken as a basic facility of school in the first national curriculum. Since then, it has been additionally identified as an instructional resource centre, reading centre, and learning centre for information literacy. Japan has, at some level, managed to achieve the physical elements of the library as a reading centre: facility, equipment, collection, etc. However, other elements, especially staffing and the administration system, remain to be realized and integrated into the curriculum. The school library is deeply imbedded in contemporary education, but further progress is required to support changing education.
机译：这项研究调查了日本小学使用学校图书馆的历史发展和趋势。日本实行集中课程管理。因此，用于给定主题活动的课程将其参考层次划分为：首先是国家，然后是地方，最后是学校的课程标准。这些课程标准旨在确保教育的公平性。这项研究回顾了日本的国家课程标准（The Course of Study），这是一种重要工具，可以使人们对日本形势下如何定义和利用学校图书馆有一个普遍的了解。自1947年以来，《国家课程标准》已进行了八次改革，本研究分析了八项改革。学校图书馆的规范已在《国家课程标准》中逐步发展。规范的内容和频率已更改，与课程的20年周期更改相对应。最近的改革特别强调了学校图书馆的使用。自从最初在第一批国家课程中将学校图书馆作为学校的基本设施以来，学校图书馆的作用就在历史上得到了扩展。从那时起，它又被确定为信息素养的教学资源中心，阅读中心和学习中心。日本已经在某种程度上设法实现了图书馆作为阅览中心的物理要素：设施，设备，馆藏等。但是，其他要素，尤其是人员配备和管理系统，仍有待实现并纳入课程中。 。学校图书馆深深扎根于当代教育之中，但是需要进一步的发展来支持不断变化的教育。

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