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首页> 外文期刊>Surgical Neurology International >Cancer microenvironment, inflammation and cancer stem cells: A hypothesis for a paradigm change and new targets in cancer control
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Cancer microenvironment, inflammation and cancer stem cells: A hypothesis for a paradigm change and new targets in cancer control

机译：癌症微环境，炎症和癌症干细胞：范式改变的假设和癌症控制的新目标

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Since President Nixon officially declared a war on cancer with the National Cancer Act, billions of dollars have been spent on research in hopes of finding a cure for cancer. Recent reviews have pointed out that over the ensuing 42 years, cancer death rates have barely changed for the major cancers. Recently, several researchers have questioned the prevailing cancer paradigm based on recent discoveries concerning the mechanism of carcinogenesis and the origins of cancer. Over the past decade we have learned a great deal concerning both of these central issues. Cell signaling has taken center stage, particularly as regards the links between chronic inflammation and cancer development. It is now evident that the common factor among a great number of carcinogenic agents is activation of genes controlling inflammation cell-signaling pathways and that these signals control all aspects of the cancer process. Of these pathways, the most important and common to all cancers is the NFκB and STAT3 pathways. The second discovery of critical importance is that mutated stem cells appear to be in charge of the cancer process. Most chemotherapy agents and radiotherapy kill daughter cells of the cancer stem cell, many of which are not tumorigenic themselves. Most cancer stem cells are completely resistant to conventional treatments, which explain dormancy and the poor cure rate with metastatic tumors. A growing number of studies are finding that several polyphenol extracts can kill cancer stem cells as well as daughter cells and can enhance the effectiveness and safety of conventional treatments. These new discoveries provide the clinician with a whole new set of targets for cancer control and cure.
机译：自从尼克松总统通过《国家癌症法》正式宣布抗癌战争以来，已经在研究上花费了数十亿美元，希望能找到治愈癌症的方法。最近的评论指出，在随后的42年中，主要癌症的癌症死亡率几乎没有变化。近来，基于有关致癌机理和癌症起源的最新发现，几位研究者对流行的癌症范式提出了质疑。在过去的十年中，我们在这两个核心问题上学到了很多东西。细胞信号传导已成为中心阶段，特别是在慢性炎症和癌症发展之间的联系方面。现在很明显，在许多致癌剂中，共同的因素是激活控制炎症细胞信号通路的基因，这些信号控制着癌症过程的各个方面。在这些途径中，所有癌症中最重要和最常见的是NFκB和STAT3途径。至关重要的第二个发现是突变的干细胞似乎负责癌症的发生。大多数化学治疗剂和放射疗法会杀死癌症干细胞的子细胞，其中许多本身并不是致癌的。大多数癌症干细胞对常规治疗完全耐药，这可以解释为休眠和转移性肿瘤治愈率低。越来越多的研究发现，几种多酚提取物可以杀死癌症干细胞以及子细胞，并可以提高常规治疗的有效性和安全性。这些新发现为临床医生提供了一套用于癌症控制和治愈的全新靶标。

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