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Cities and Systemic Change for Sustainability: Prevailing Epistemologies and an Emerging Research Agenda

机译：城市与可持续发展的系统变化：流行的认识论和新兴的研究议程

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摘要

Cities are key for sustainability and the radical systemic changes required to enable equitable human development within planetary boundaries. Their particular role in this regard has become the subject of an emerging and highly interdisciplinary scientific debate. Drawing on a qualitative literature review, this paper identifies and scrutinizes the principal fields involved, asking for their respective normative orientation, interdisciplinary constitution, theories and methods used, and empirical basis to provide orientations for future research. It recognizes four salient research epistemologies, each focusing on a distinct combination of drivers of change: (A) transforming urban metabolisms and political ecologies; (B) configuring urban innovation systems for green economies; (C) building adaptive urban communities and ecosystems; and (D) empowering urban grassroots niches and social innovation. The findings suggest that future research directed at cities and systemic change towards sustainability should (1) explore interrelations between the above epistemologies, using relational geography and governance theory as boundary areas; (2) conceive of cities as places shaped by and shaping interactions between multiple socio-technical and social-ecological systems; (3) focus on agency across systems and drivers of change, and develop corresponding approaches for intervention and experimentation; and (4) rebalance the empirical basis and methods employed, strengthening transdisciplinarity in particular.
机译：城市是可持续发展的关键，也是实现行星边界内人类公平发展所需的根本性系统变革的关键。在这方面，它们的特殊作用已成为新兴且高度跨学科的科学辩论的主题。本文通过定性文献综述，确定并审查了涉及的主要领域，要求其各自的规范取向，跨学科构成，使用的理论和方法以及为未来研究提供取向的经验基础。它认识到四个重要的研究认识论，每个认识论都关注变化驱动因素的独特组合：（A）转变城市新陈代谢和政治生态; （B）为绿色经济配置城市创新系统; （三）建设适应性城市社区和生态系统; （D）增强城市基层的生态位和社会创新能力。研究结果表明，针对城市和可持续发展的系统性变化的未来研究应（1）以关系地理学和治理理论为边界区域，探索上述认识论之间的相互关系; （2）将城市视为由多种社会技术和社会生态系统塑造并相互作用的地方; （3）关注跨系统和变化驱动因素的代理，并制定相应的干预和实验方法; （4）重新平衡经验基础和所采用的方法，特别是加强跨学科性。

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