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Sustaining without Changing: The Metabolic Rift of Certified Organic Farming

机译：保持不变：认证有机农业的新陈代谢

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Many proponents of organic farming claim that it is a sustainable alternative to conventional agriculture due to its reliance on natural agro-inputs, such as manure based fertilizers and organic pesticides. However, in this analysis we argue that although particular organic farming practices clearly benefit ecosystems and human consumers, the social context in which some organic farms develop, limit the potential environmental benefits of organic agriculture. Specifically, we argue that certified organic farming’s increased reliance on agro-inputs, such as organic fertilizers and pesticides, reduces its ability to decrease global water pollution. We review recent research that demonstrates the environmental consequences of specific organic practices, as well as literature showing that global organic farming is increasing its reliance on agro-inputs, and contend that organic farming has its own metabolic rift with natural water systems similar to conventional agriculture. We use a fixed-effects panel regression model to explore how recent rises in certified organic farmland correlate to water pollution (measured as biochemical oxygen demand). Our findings indicate that increases in the proportion of organic farmland over time increases water pollution. We conclude that this may be a result of organic farms increasing their reliance on non-farm agro-inputs, such as fertilizers.
机译：许多有机农业的拥护者声称，由于它依赖于天然农业投入物（如肥料基肥料和有机农药），因此它是传统农业的可持续替代品。但是，在此分析中，我们认为，尽管特定的有机耕作方式显然可以使生态系统和人类消费者受益，但某些有机农场发展所处的社会环境限制了有机农业的潜在环境利益。具体来说，我们认为，经过认证的有机农业对有机肥料和杀虫剂等农业投入物的依赖性增加，降低了其减少全球水污染的能力。我们回顾了最近的研究，这些研究证明了特定有机做法的环境后果，以及一些文献表明全球有机农业在增加对农业投入物的依赖，并认为有机农业在与常规农业相似的天然水系统中具有新陈代谢的裂痕。我们使用固定效应面板回归模型来探索最近认证的有机农田的增加与水污染（以生化需氧量衡量）之间的关系。我们的发现表明，随着时间的推移，有机农田的比例增加会增加水污染。我们得出的结论是，这可能是有机农场对肥料等非农农业投入物的依赖增加的结果。

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