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The effects of chronic and acute physical activity on working memory performance in healthy participants: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

机译：慢性和急性体育锻炼对健康参与者工作记忆表现的影响：一项随机对照试验的荟萃分析的系统评价

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Background Understanding how physical activity (PA) influences cognitive function in populations with cognitive impairments, such as dementia, is an increasingly studied topic yielding numerous published systematic reviews. In contrast, however, there appears to be less interest in examining associations between PA and cognition in cognitively healthy individuals. Therefore, the objective of this review was to evaluate and synthesize randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies that investigated the effects of both chronic and acute PA on working memory performance (WMP) in physically and cognitively healthy individuals. Methods Following the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review of studies published between August 2009 and December 2016 was performed on RCTs investigating the effects of chronic and acute PA on WMP with healthy participants as the sample populations. Searches were conducted in Annual Reviews, ProQuest, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science. Main inclusion criteria stipulated (1) healthy sample populations, (2) PA interventions, (3) WMP as an outcome, and (4) RCT designs. Descriptive statistics included cohort and intervention characteristics and a risk of bias assessment. Analytical statistics included meta-analyses and moderation analyses. Results From 7345 non-duplicates, 15 studies (eight chronic PA and seven acute PA studies) met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated. Overall, there was noticeable variance between both cohort and intervention characteristics. Sample populations ranged from primary school children to retirement community members with PA ranging from cycling to yoga. The majority of studies were characterized by “low” or “unclear” risk of selection, performance, detection, attrition, reporting, or other biases. Meta-analysis of chronic PA revealed a significant, small effect size while analysis of acute PA revealed a non-significant, trivial result. Age and intensity were significant moderators while allocation concealment, blinding, and intervention length were not. Conclusions Chronic PA can significantly improve WMP while acute PA cannot. The limiting factors for acute PA studies point to the diversity of working memory instruments utilized, unequal sample sizes between studies, and the sample age groups. Large-scale, high-quality RCTs are needed in order to provide generalizable and more powerful analysis between PA and WMP in a systematic approach.
机译：背景技术了解体育活动（PA）如何影响具有认知障碍（例如痴呆）的人群的认知功能是一个日益研究的话题，产生了许多已发表的系统评价。相反，在认知健康的个体中，检查PA和认知之间的关联似乎没有什么兴趣。因此，本综述的目的是评估和综合随机对照试验（RCT）研究，该研究调查了慢性和急性PA对身体和认知健康个体的工作记忆表现（WMP）的影响。方法按照系统评价和荟萃分析（PRISMA）指南的首选报告项目，于2009年8月至2016年12月间对RCT进行系统评价，以健康参与者为样本，研究慢性和急性PA对WMP的影响人口。搜索在年度评论，ProQuest，PsycARTICLES，PsycINFO，PubMed和Web of Science中进行。主要纳入标准规定了（1）健康样本人群，（2）PA干预，（3）作为结果的WMP和（4）RCT设计。描述性统计数据包括队列和干预特征以及偏倚评估的风险。分析统计数据包括荟萃分析和中度分析。结果从7345个非重复样本中，有15项研究（八项慢性PA和七项急性PA研究）符合纳入标准并进行了评估。总体而言，队列和干预特征之间存在明显差异。样本人群的范围从小学生到退休社区成员，PA的范围从骑自行车到瑜伽。大多数研究的特点是选择，表现，发现，损耗，报告或其他偏倚的风险“低”或“不清楚”。对慢性PA的荟萃分析显示出显着的小效应，而对急性PA的分析则显示了无意义的琐碎结果。年龄和强度是重要的主持人，而隐藏隐藏，致盲和干预时间则不是。结论慢性PA可以显着改善WMP，而急性PA则不能。急性PA研究的限制因素表明所使用的工作记忆仪器的多样性，研究之间的样本量不相等以及样本年龄组。需要大规模，高质量的RCT，以便以系统的方式在PA和WMP之间提供可泛化且功能更强大的分析。

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