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Applying systematic review search methods to the grey literature: a case study examining guidelines for school-based breakfast programs in Canada

机译：将系统评价搜索方法应用于灰色文献：一项案例研究，探讨加拿大学校早餐计划的指南

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Background Grey literature is an important source of information for large-scale review syntheses. However, there are many characteristics of grey literature that make it difficult to search systematically. Further, there is no ‘gold standard’ for rigorous systematic grey literature search methods and few resources on how to conduct this type of search. This paper describes systematic review search methods that were developed and applied to complete a case study systematic review of grey literature that examined guidelines for school-based breakfast programs in Canada. Methods A grey literature search plan was developed to incorporate four different searching strategies: (1) grey literature databases, (2) customized Google search engines, (3) targeted websites, and (4) consultation with contact experts. These complementary strategies were used to minimize the risk of omitting relevant sources. Since abstracts are often unavailable in grey literature documents, items’ abstracts, executive summaries, or table of contents (whichever was available) were screened. Screening of publications’ full-text followed. Data were extracted on the organization, year published, who they were developed by, intended audience, goal/objectives of document, sources of evidence/resources cited, meals mentioned in the guidelines, and recommendations for program delivery. Results The search strategies for identifying and screening publications for inclusion in the case study review was found to be manageable, comprehensive, and intuitive when applied in practice. The four search strategies of the grey literature search plan yielded 302 potentially relevant items for screening. Following the screening process, 15 publications that met all eligibility criteria remained and were included in the case study systematic review. The high-level findings of the case study systematic review are briefly described. Conclusions This article demonstrated a feasible and seemingly robust method for applying systematic search strategies to identify web-based resources in the grey literature. The search strategy we developed and tested is amenable to adaptation to identify other types of grey literature from other disciplines and answering a wide range of research questions. This method should be further adapted and tested in future research syntheses.
机译：背景技术灰色文献是用于大规模综述合成的重要信息来源。但是，灰色文献具有许多特征，因此很难进行系统搜索。此外，对于严格的系统化灰色文献搜索方法，没有“黄金标准”，关于如何进行此类搜索的资源也很少。本文介绍了系统评价检索方法，该方法已开发并应用于完成对灰色文献的系统研究案例研究，该文献对加拿大学校早餐计划的指南进行了检查。方法制定了灰色文献搜索计划，以整合四种不同的搜索策略：（1）灰色文献数据库;（2）定制的Google搜索引擎;（3）目标网站;以及（4）与联系专家进行咨询。这些补充策略用于最大程度地减少省略相关资源的风险。由于摘要通常在灰色文献文档中不可用，因此对项目的摘要，执行摘要或目录（以可用者为准）进行筛选。随后是出版物的全文筛选。提取有关组织的数据，发布的年份，由谁制定的数据，目标受众，文档的目标/目的，证据来源/引用的资源，指南中提及的餐点以及计划交付的建议。结果发现，在实践中应用时，用于识别和筛选要纳入案例研究评论的出版物的搜索策略是可管理的，全面的和直观的。灰色文献搜索计划的四种搜索策略产生了302个潜在相关项目进行筛选。在筛选过程之后，保留了15个满足所有资格标准的出版物，并将其包括在案例研究系统评价中。简要介绍了案例研究系统评价的高级结果。结论本文证明了一种可行的，看似健壮的方法，该方法可用于应用系统搜索策略来识别灰色文献中的基于Web的资源。我们开发和测试的搜索策略适合于从其他学科中识别出其他类型的灰色文献，并回答广泛的研究问题。该方法应在以后的研究综合中进一步调整和测试。

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