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The Leading Cause of Cancer Death in Women

机译：女性癌症死亡的主要原因

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Lung cancer kills more women than breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer combined. The incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer in women were once much lower. Following the trend of the number of women smokers, lung cancer quickly escalated to epidemic proportions. In 1987, an equality of the sexes occurred when lung cancer became the leading cause of cancer death in women. Recent findings support lung cancer in women to be a different entity than lung cancer in men. There are reported sex dependant differences in incidence, susceptibility, histology, and outcomes. Although a proportion of women with lung cancer are never-smokers, most have significant smoking histories. Proactive measures such as increasing awareness, education, and support for funding can have a positive impact in controlling an epidemic that unnecessarily takes the lives of 70,000 women each year. Introduction When practitioners discuss cancer risks and preventative measures with females, it should be highlighted that lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in U.S. women.Any diagnosis of cancer can be devastating. At the time of diagnosis, patients inquire about their chances for survival, often conveyed as “How long do I have?” The unfortunate answer for patients diagnosed with lung cancer is that the mortality rate is high. In oncology, survival is key and is one of the main focuses of researchers, clinicians, and patients. Each year, approximately 174,470 people are diagnosed with lung cancer in the United States. Only 15% of those will be alive five years after their diagnosis. This is a stark contrast to a 5-year relative survival rate of 88% for patients diagnosed with breast cancer (SEER Breast Stat Facts, 2006). The incidence of lung cancer in women is 52.3 per 100,000 women (SEER Lung Stat Facts, 2006) and accounts for almost 25% of all cancer deaths in U. S. women (Fu, Kau, Severson, & Kalemkerian, 2005). In the U.S., almost 163,000 people die of lung cancer each year. More than 70,000 of those deaths are women. Not only is this 30,000 more deaths than are attributed to breast cancer each year, it is more than the annual deaths from breast, ovarian, and uterine cancers combined (I-ELCAP, 2006). Trend Of Mortality Rate The alarming statistics of lung cancer in women are relatively new developments. In the 1930s, lung cancer was only the seventh most lethal cancer in women. The mortality rate grew quickly and it became the first most lethal cancer in women in 1987 (Patel, Bach, & Kris, 2004). While mortality rates from other cancers have declined, the mortality from lung cancer in women began rising in the 1930's and accelerated in the 1960's (Jemal, Ward, & Thun, 2005) with an increase of 600% between 1930 and 1997 (Patel et al., 2004). It maintained an upward trend until it stabilized in the last five years as shown in Figure 1 (SEER Fast Stats Lung, 2006) (SEER Fast Stats Breast, 2006).
机译：肺癌杀死的妇女人数多于乳腺癌，卵巢癌和子宫癌的总和。女性肺癌的发病率和死亡率曾经大大降低。随着女性吸烟者数量趋势的发展，肺癌迅速升级为流行病。 1987年，当肺癌成为女性癌症死亡的主要原因时，男女平等出现了。最新发现支持女性肺癌与男性肺癌不同。据报道，在发病率，易感性，组织学和结局方面存在性别依赖性差异。尽管有一部分肺癌女性从不吸烟，但大多数女性都有明显的吸烟史。采取主动措施，例如提高认识，教育和提供资金支持，对控制每年不必要地夺走7万名妇女生命的流行病具有积极影响。引言当从业者与女性讨论癌症风险和预防措施时，应该强调的是肺癌是美国女性癌症死亡的主要原因，任何癌症的诊断都可能是灾难性的。诊断时，患者询问其生存机会，通常表示为“我有多长时间？”对于诊断为肺癌的患者而言，不幸的答案是死亡率很高。在肿瘤学中，生存是关键，并且是研究人员，临床医生和患者的主要重点之一。在美国，每年约有174470人被诊断出患有肺癌。诊断后五年中只有15％可以存活。这与确诊为乳腺癌的患者的5年相对存活率88％形成鲜明对比（SEER乳腺癌统计资料，2006年）。女性肺癌的发病率为每10万女性52.3（SEER Lung Stat Facts，2006），约占美国女性癌症死亡总数的25％（Fu，Kau，Severson，＆Kalemkerian，2005）。在美国，每年约有163,000人死于肺癌。这些死亡中有70,000多是女性。这不仅使每年的死亡人数比乳腺癌多出30,000，而且还超过了每年因乳腺癌，卵巢癌和子宫癌而造成的死亡总数（I-ELCAP，2006年）。死亡率趋势妇女肺癌的惊人统计数字是相对较新的发展。在1930年代，肺癌仅是女性中第七大最致命的癌症。死亡率迅速增长，并在1987年成为女性中最致命的癌症（Patel，Bach和Kris，2004年）。虽然其他癌症的死亡率下降了，但是女性肺癌的死亡率在1930年代开始上升，并在1960年代加速增长（Jemal，Ward和Thun，2005年），在1930年至1997年之间增加了600％（Patel等人）。 （2004年）。它一直保持上升趋势，直到最近五年稳定为止，如图1所示（SEER Fast Stats Lung，2006年）（SEER Fast Stats Breast，2006年）。

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