HPV Knowledge Among Female College Students and the Short Term Effectiveness of HPV Education

Katie Warren

摘要

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection affecting one-half to three-fourths of sexually active individuals over the course of their lifetime. It causes genital warts, cervical dysplasia, and cervical cancer. Although HPV has been in the news recently with the FDA’s approval of the Gardasil vaccine, many women are still unclear on the basic facts regarding HPV and cervical cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine if a brief educational intervention improves college enrolled women’s knowledge on HPV. To test this, a study was designed which tested a small group of college-enrolled females on basic HPV information using a questionnaire which contained seven true or false questions about HPV and related issues. The students were then briefly educated on HPV, provided with an informative handout, and tested again one month after this intervention. Students scored significantly better on HPV questions one month post-intervention, demonstrating increased knowledge of basic HPV information. This study suggested that brief HPV education, which can easily be replicated in a clinician’s office, does increase short term knowledge on HPV. Although further studies are necessary regarding the effects of HPV education, education in the classroom or clinician’s office should be considered as a preventative measure for genital warts and cervical cancer. Background The human papillomavirus, otherwise known as HPV, is a sexually transmitted infection that causes genital warts and is linked to most cases of cervical cancer. HPV is the most commonly sexually acquired infection in the United States, infecting at least 50-75% of sexually active men and women at some point in their lives (1). Approximately 20 million Americans currently carry this virus, with another 6.2 million new infections per year (1). It is estimated that in 2008, 11,070 women in the United States were diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer and 3,870 died (2).HPV is spread through sexual activity with an infected individual. Although condoms do provide some protection, the virus is transmitted by skin to skin contact making it possible to come into contact with the virus even when a condom is used.Abstinence, limiting the number of sexual partners, and having monogamous relationships can all reduce the chance of contracting HPV. Papilloma viruses only can live in squamous epithelial cells which are found on the surface of the skin, cervix, vagina, anus, vulva, head of the penis and the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat. There are over 100 strains of HPV, 40 of which can affect the mucous membranes of the genitals. The other 60 strains of HPV can cause warts on non-genital skin such as the hands.There are two classifications of anogenital strains of HPV – low risk and high risk. HPV-6 and HPV-11 are considered low risk stains and can present as genital warts, otherwise known as condyloma acuminatum. These are most often cauliflower-shaped warts which normally appear weeks to several months after contact with an infected partner. They can present on the labia, vagina, cervix, penis, or anus. Rarely, genital warts can appear several years after initial contact with the virus. These lesions do not progress to cancer. HPV-6 and HPV-11 can sometimes cause a low-grade change to the cervix but this will most often resolve on its own or will develop into a wart.High risk strains are HPV-16, 18, 31, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, and 58. These are the strains that put a woman at risk for cervical cancer. More than 99% of cervical cancers are related to HPV and 70% of these are related to HPV-16 and HPV-18 (1). Changes to the cells of the cervix can be detected with a pap smear. These changes can be low- grade (low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions [LSIL], or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I [CIN I]), high grade/precancerous (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions [HSIL], CIN II, or CIN III), or cancerous. High risk strains can some

机译：人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是最常见的性传播感染，在其一生中会感染一半至四分之三的性活跃个体。它会导致尖锐湿疣，子宫颈发育不良和子宫颈癌。尽管在FDA批准Gardasil疫苗的批准下，HPV成为最近的新闻，但许多女性仍不清楚HPV和宫颈癌的基本事实。这项研究的目的是确定简短的教育干预措施是否可以提高大学入学女性对HPV的了解。为了对此进行检验，设计了一项研究，该研究使用问卷调查了一小群大学入学女性的基本HPV信息，该问卷包含有关HPV及其相关问题的七个正确或错误问题。然后，对学生进行了有关HPV的简短教育，并提供了内容丰富的讲义，并在干预后一个月再次进行了测试。干预后一个月，学生在HPV问题上的得分显着提高，这表明他们对HPV基本信息的了解有所增加。这项研究表明，简短的HPV教育（可以在临床医生的办公室中轻松复制）确实可以增加有关HPV的短期知识。尽管有必要进一步研究HPV教育的效果，但应考虑在教室或临床医生的办公室进行教育，以预防生殖器疣和宫颈癌。背景技术人类乳头瘤病毒，也称为HPV，是一种性传播感染，会导致生殖器疣，并与大多数宫颈癌病例有关。 HPV是美国最常见的性获得性感染，在其生命中的某个时刻感染了至少50-75％的性活跃男人和女人（1）。目前大约有2000万美国人携带这种病毒，每年又有620万新感染（1）。据估计，在2008年，美国有11070名妇女被诊断为浸润性宫颈癌，死亡3870人（2）。HPV通过与受感染个体的性活动传播。尽管避孕套确实提供了一定的保护作用，但该病毒还是通过皮肤与皮肤接触而传播，即使使用避孕套也可以与该病毒接触。禁欲，限制性伴侣的数量以及一夫一妻制的关系都可以减少感染HPV的机会。乳头瘤病毒只能在鳞状上皮细胞中生活，鳞状上皮细胞存在于皮肤，子宫颈，阴道，肛门，外阴，阴茎头以及口腔和咽喉的粘膜表面。超过100株HPV病毒株，其中40株会影响生殖器的粘膜。其他60株HPV可以在非生殖器皮肤（如手）上引起疣。HPV肛门生殖器有两种分类-低风险和高风险。 HPV-6和HPV-11被认为是低风险的污渍，可以表现为尖锐湿疣，也称为尖锐湿疣。这些通常是菜花形疣，通常在与被感染的伴侣接触后数周至数月内出现。它们可以出现在阴唇，阴道，子宫颈，阴茎或肛门上。初次接触病毒几年后，生殖器疣很少出现。这些病变不会发展为癌症。 HPV-6和HPV-11有时会引起子宫颈低度变化，但这通常会自行解决或发展为疣。高风险株系HPV-16、18、31、35、39， 45、51、52和58。这些是使女性处于宫颈癌风险中的菌株。超过99％的宫颈癌与HPV有关，其中70％与HPV-16和HPV-18有关（1）。宫颈涂片检查可以发现子宫颈细胞的变化。这些变化可能是低度（低度鳞状上皮内病变[LSIL]或宫颈上皮内瘤样病变I [CIN I]），高度/癌前期（高级别鳞状上皮内病变[HSIL]，CIN II或CIN III）或癌变。高风险应变可能会

HPV Knowledge Among Female College Students and the Short Term Effectiveness of HPV Education

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